Influence of Copper and Silver on Catalytic Performance of MgO–SiO2 System for 1,3-Butadiene Production from Aqueous Ethanol

Aerosol-assisted sol-gel synthesis of mesoporous Ag-Ta-SiO2 catalysts for the direct upgrading of ethanol to butadiene

“…This is lower than the record performance reached with other catalytic systems, such as Zn-Zr based zeolites. [54][55][56] However, when comparing with other Ag/silica-based systems reported in the literature, 20,57 higher ethanol conversion and similar butadiene yields are obtained here with the best AASG-made catalyst. Also, it must be recalled that the AASG process is a straightforward one step, low waste preparation method that compares favorably to classical multistep catalyst preparation methods in the perspective of large scale production.…”

Porous Magnesium Oxide by Twin Polymerization: From Hybrid Materials to Catalysis

“…A possible explanation for the low overall yields is related to the formation of 1,3-butadiene by direct deoxidization rather than completion of the proton return reaction towards the crotyl alcohol as is discussed in literature. [30,89,91,93,94] The overall yield of the identified products increases from MgO_2 to MgO_2-rec and from MgO_1 to MgO_1-rec indicating that this deoxygenation reaction becomes more hindered in the recycled catalysts compared to the original ones. Due to the non-formation of octatrienal (16) the formation of higher chained side products (> C 10 ) could be excluded for MgO_1 and MgO_2 and their recycled forms.…”

“…[23][24][25][26] Moreover, Ag-decorated MgO was successfully applied in hydrogen evolution reactions [27] and CO 2 activation, [28] or in the conversion of ethanol to butadiene. [29,30] The combination Cu@MgO facilitates simultaneous hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, [31][32][33] while CuO-supported on MgO catalyzes the stereoselective single boronation of alkynes. [34] The respective MgO-based heterogeneous catalysts are accessible by solgel, [26,[35][36][37] template synthesis, [15,23,[38][39][40][41] and thermal decomposition [13,[42][43][44] processes of mainly magnesium chlorides, nitrates, alkoxides and β-diketonates.…”

A study of the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene: effects of chemical and structural heterogeneity on the activity of MgO–SiO2 mixed oxide catalysts

“…1 The potential of heterogeneous catalytic ETB process has even been demonstrated at industrial level. 2 The most commonly used supports/catalysts for the reaction are mixed oxides, such as MgO-SiO 2 3,4,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]5,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] or ZrO 2 -SiO 2 [30][31][32][33][34] , and their derivatives, obtained through modification by metals, such as, Ag 4,27,31,35,36 , Cu 16,27,33 , and Au 10 , or by metal oxides ZrO 2 9,36,37 , ZnO 9,16,19,23,…”

“…The most commonly used supports/catalysts for the reaction are mixed oxides, such as MgO–SiO 2 3–29 or ZrO 2 –SiO 2 , 30–34 and their derivatives, obtained through modification by metals, such as Ag, 4,27,31,35,36 Cu, 16,27,33 and Au, 10 or by metal oxides ZrO 2 , 9,36,37 ZnO, 9,16,19,23,32,37 In 2 O 3 , 23 and Ga 2 O 3 . 23,38 Previous studies have shown that neat mixed oxides have significant catalytic activity in the ETB reaction and that additives can increase the activity by promoting ethanol dehydrogenation and C–C coupling reactions.…”