“…Hence, it is important to know the mechanical properties of HAZ to simulate the behaviour or determine the resistance of the welded connection properly. The stress-strain constitutive model of HAZ has been obtained using different methods [1,2,4,6,14,15,17,19,21,[23][24][25][26][27], as introduced in [11]. As the mechanical property of HAZ is closely related to the experienced highest temperature and the cooling time during welding, Stroetmann et al [1] tested HAZ with different combinations of the highest temperature and the cooling time.…”