Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review

Blasi, Zelda Di; Harkness, Elaine; Ernst, Edzard; Georgiou, Amanda; Kleijnen, Jos

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04169-6

Cited by 1,108 publications

(783 citation statements)

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“…The relationship between enablement at consultation and health outcomes at 1 month is a new finding in primary care, though similar relationships have been suggested in secondary care and other settings [13][14][15]18]. Direct effects of empathy on outcomes have also been reported in the literature [6,13,39] and there is a growing body of evidence linking certain aspects of patient-centred consulting with improved health outcomes [40]. We have recently postulated an effect model to explain how different aspects of physician empathy may influence different outcomes [18].…”

Section: Comparison With Published Literaturementioning

confidence: 73%

General practitioner empathy, patient enablement, and patient-reported outcomes in primary care in an area of high socio-economic deprivation in Scotland—A pilot prospective study using structural equation modeling

Mercer

Neumann

Wirtz

et al. 2008

Patient Education and Counseling

143

118

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Section: Comparison With Published Literaturementioning

confidence: 73%

General practitioner empathy, patient enablement, and patient-reported outcomes in primary care in an area of high socio-economic deprivation in Scotland—A pilot prospective study using structural equation modeling

Mercer

Neumann

Wirtz

et al. 2008

Patient Education and Counseling

143

118

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“…Ernst, Georgiou & Kleijnen, 2001;Levinson & Chaumeton, 1999; Mercer, McConnachie, Maxwell, Heaney & Watt, 2005;Vincent, Young & Phillips, 1994). Yet, despite a considerable body of research investigating physician-patient communication (e.g., BenSira, 1980; Buller & Buller, 1987;Ong, de Haes, Hoos & Lammes, 1995), surprisingly little is known about the specific communication behaviors that lead to empathy judgments, how they vary across physicians, and why (Makoul, 2003).…”

Section: Communication Behavior and Empathymentioning

confidence: 99%

"Trust Me...": Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Perceived Physician Empathy.

Silvester¹,

Patterson²,

Koczwara³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Psychology

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. attribution questionnaire prior to a structured patient consultation exercise, during which patients and assessors rated physician empathy. The exercise was audiotaped, transcribed and content analyzed for verbal behaviors. Support was found for the hypotheses, however, patients but not medical assessors associated empathy with reassurance and provision of medical information. Permanent repository link: Predicting empathy judgments 2Empathy is particularly important for medical practitioners. Physician empathy has been shown to predict patient trust, compliance with clinical decisions, and satisfaction with medical services (Barnett, Howard, King & Dino, 1981;Becker & Maiman, 1975;Newton et al. 2000). Yet surprisingly little is known about the factors that lead patients to judge physician empathy. This research set out to address two related research questions: a) how can we explain and predict individual differences in judged physician empathy, and b) what are the behavioral cues that lead patients to judge their physician as empathic? We tested a socio-cognitive model of judged empathy among 100 physicians undertaking standardized patient consultations as part of a structured selection process. Proximal and Distal Predictors of Perceived EmpathyEmpathy has been defined in many ways, reflecting a multitude of theoretical and empirical perspectives (cf. Preston & de Waal, 2002). It is most often conceptualized in one of two ways: (1) as a heightened sensitivity to another"s emotional state that results in a shared emotional response and feelings of sympathy, or (2) as the ability to decode a target person"s thoughts and feelings and respond accordingly (Marangoni, Ickes, Garcia & Teng, 1995). Both of these treat empathy as a predominantly intra-psychic phenomenonsomething experienced (or felt) by the person who is empathizing, rather than something perceived by someone who is being empathized with (Hakansson & Montgomery, 2003). In patient consultations, however, it is arguably whether patients judge their physician to demonstrate empathy that is important (Newton et al., 2000): an interpersonal perspective that is reflected in many medical definitions of empathy. For example, More (1996) Predicting empathy judgments 3 suggests that empathy is "… a form of relational knowledge. Its manifestation is not "concern" but "presence." The empathetic physician is neither objective nor subjective, Communication Behavior and EmpathyThe nature of physician-patient interactions influences both positive clinical outcomes and less positive outcomes such as lawsuits for malpractice (Di Blazi, Harkness, Predicting empathy judgments 4Ernst, Georgiou & Kleijnen, 2001;Levinson & Chaumeton, 1999; Mercer, McConnachie, Maxwell, Heaney & Watt, 2005;Vincent, Young & Phillips, 1994). Yet, despite a considerable body of research investigating physician-patient communication (e.g., BenSira, 1980; Buller & Buller, 19...

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“…Other studies have shown that manipulating the 'dose' of placebo factors (e.g. the amount and quality of the time the clinician spends with the patient) can influence the treatment outcome significantly [8,9]. These studies are among the important ideas described and discussed extensively in various contributions to this Theme Issue of Philosophical Transactions.…”

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confidence: 98%

Preface

Kirsch

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review

Cited by 1,108 publications

References 30 publications

General practitioner empathy, patient enablement, and patient-reported outcomes in primary care in an area of high socio-economic deprivation in Scotland—A pilot prospective study using structural equation modeling

General practitioner empathy, patient enablement, and patient-reported outcomes in primary care in an area of high socio-economic deprivation in Scotland—A pilot prospective study using structural equation modeling

"Trust Me...": Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Perceived Physician Empathy.

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