Influence of composts and liquid pig manure on CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from a clay loam soil

Yang, Xiao-Ru; Drury, C. F.; Reynolds, W. D.; McKenney, D. J.; Tan, C. S.; Zhang, T Q; Fleming, Ron

doi:10.4141/s02-008

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous studies have found that the application of liquid pig manure, liquid pig manure plus wheat straw compost and yard waste compost resulted in a decrease in the availability of inorganic N as a result of N loss through denitrification and/or N immobilization. This occurred both shortly after application (Yang et al 2002) and after an entire growing season (unpublished data). Since composts or other organic amendments usually do not supply sufficient N to meet crop needs, adding fertilizer nitrate to organic-amended soil is not uncommon.…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 90%

Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Yang¹,

Drury²,

Reynolds³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2003. Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83: 343-352. The composting process results in immobilization of inorganic N. When high-Ndemanding crops are grown in compost-amended soils, additional N fertilizer is often applied. The combination of elevated nitrate levels from N fertilizer and high C inputs from the compost may result in enhanced greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, the objective of this laboratory incubation study was to characterize CO 2 and N 2 O emissions from a Brookston clay loam soil that has received organic amendments in the presence or absence of added nitrate. The organic amendments included urban yard waste compost (YWC), liquid pig manure + wheat straw compost (PMC), and liquid pig manure (LPM). The nitrate treatments included added nitrate (100 mg KNO 3 -N kg soil -1 ) or no added nitrate. Total CO 2 emissions during aerobic incubation followed the pattern: YWC > LPM > PMC > control (no organic amendments) for both nitrate treatments. Nitrate addition increased CO 2 emissions from the YWC-and LPM-amended soils by 9 and 43%, respectively, but had no significant effect (P < 0.05) on CO 2 emissions from the control or the PMC-amended soil. All organic amendments increased N 2 O emissions compared to the control. When nitrate was added to aerobically incubated LPM-amended soils, N 2 O emissions were increased over seven times; however, N 2 O emissions were decreased by 93% for PMC-amended soils and by 50% for YWC-amended soils. These decreases in N 2 O production occurred when nitrate was added to the YWC and PMC treatments under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions. Composted liquid pig manure was found to be more environmentally friendly than raw liquid pig manure as it stabilized the manure C and reduced CO 2 and N 2 O emissions compared to the liquid pig manure. . Pour le nitrate, le traitement consistait en l'addition ou pas de nitrate (100 mg de KNO 3 -N par kg de sol). Les dégagements totaux de CO 2 durant l'incubation aérobique suivent la progression YWC > LPM > PMC > témoin (aucun amendement organique) pour les deux traitements au nitrate. L'addition de nitrate augmente les émissions de CO 2 des sols bonifiés avec du YWC et du LPM de 9 % et de 43 % respectivement, sans incidence significative (P < 0,05) sur les émissions de ce gaz par le sol témoin et celui amendé avec du PMC. Tous les amendements organiques augmentent les dégagements de N 2 O comparativement au sol témoin. Quand on ajoute du nitrate au sol amendé avec du LPM, l'incubation aérobique multiplie les émissions de N 2 O par sept, mais ces dernières baissent de 93 % pour le sol bonifié avec du PMC et de 50 % pour celui amendé avec du YMC. Ces baisses surviennent quand le nitrate est ajouté à ces deux derniers types de sol dans des conditions aérobiques mais non anaérobiques. Le compost de lisier est moins dommageable pour l'environnement que le lisier b...

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Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 90%

Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Yang¹,

Drury²,

Reynolds³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Since many producers in Ontario base the rate of compost addition on the ability to improve soil physical properties, we decided to compare the treatments on a dry mass basis. This also enables us to directly compare results from this study with another published studies on physical effect and greenhouse gas emissions associated with applying compost (Yang et al 2002;Reynolds et al 2003). Hence, the YWC and PMS treatments were added to the soils on a mass basis.…”

Section: Soil and Organic Amendmentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nitrogen mineralization and uptake by ryegrass in a clay loam soil amended with composts or liquid pig manure

Yang¹,

Drury²,

Reynolds³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2004. Nitrogen mineralization and uptake by ryegrass in a clay loam soil amended with composts or liquid pig manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 11-17. Although composted liquid pig manure is increasingly being applied to agricultural soils, little is known about its impacts on N dynamics (mineralization, denitrification, immobilization, and plant uptake) in the crop root zone compared to liquid pig manure (LPM) or other types of composts. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to determine N mineralization and plant uptake in a ryegrass-cropped clay loam soil that had been amended with either LPM, LPM + wheat straw compost (PMS), or yard waste compost (YWC). Over a 20-wk growth period, plant biomass was increased relative to the control by 164% for LPM, 64.3% for YWC, and 39.6% for PMS. However, the recovery of amendment N in the ryegrass was low and variable at 3.3% for PMS (12.7 mg N kg -1 ), 3.7% for YWC (21.5 mg N kg -1 ), and 15.3% for LPM (90.9 mg N kg -1 ). Although gains and losses of mineral N occurred primarily within the first 8 wk, assimilation of amendment N by the ryegrass appeared to continue throughout the entire growth period. High amounts of inorganic N present in the LPM treatment led to the greatest loss of N, as N 2 O, through denitrification and nitrification (39.1 mg N kg -1 ). This was 35 times greater than the YWC treatment (1.1 mg N kg -1 ), over 50 times greater than the N 2 O loss from the PMS treatment (0.7 mg N kg -1 ) and over 76 times greater than the N 2 O loss from the control (0.5 mg N kg -1 ). There was a net gain in mineral and plant assimilated N from mineralization with the control (6.4 mg N kg -1 ) and YWC treatments (8.8 mg N kg -1 ) over 20 wk. However, there was a small decrease in mineral and plant assimilated N with the PMS treatment (4.3 mg N kg -1 ) and a large decrease with the LPM treatment (90.1 mg N kg -1 ). From an environmental perspective, the large amount of N 2 O generated by the LPM treatment compromises the usefulness of LPM as a source of crop-available N. Bien qu'on applique de plus en plus de purin composté sur les terres agricoles, on connaît relativement mal l'incidence de cet amendement sur la dynamique de l'azote (minéralisation, dénitrification, immobilisation et absorption par la végétation) dans la zone radiculaire de la culture, comparativement à celle du purin et à d'autres types de compost. Les auteurs ont effectué une expérience en pot en serre afin de déterminer la minéralisation du N et son absorption par du ray-grass cultivé sur un loam argileux bonifié avec du purin, un compost de purin et de paille de blé (PP) et un compost d'ordures ménagères (CO). Au cours de la période de croissance de 20 semaines, la biomasse végétale a augmenté de 164 % pour le purin, de 64,3 % pour le CO et de 39,6 % pour le PP, comparativement au témoin. Toutefois, le ray-grass récupère peu de N de cet amendement, la proportion variant de 3,3 % pour le PP (12,7 mg de N par kg) à 3,7 % pour le CO (21,5 mg de N par kg) et à 15,3 % pour le purin (90,9 mg de N par kg...

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“…in place of raw manure for soil conditioning and fertilization (Yang et al 2002). Manure treatment via composting can be active, with forced aeration, or passive, with only natural aeration and turning.…”

Section: Compostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

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. Considerable evidence of climate change associated with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) has resulted in international efforts to reduce GHG emissions. The agriculture sector contributes about 8% of GHG emissions in Canada mostly through methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The objective of this paper was to compile an integrative review of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from livestock by taking a whole cycle approach from enteric fermentation to manure treatment and storage, and field application of manure. Basic microbial processes that result in CH 4 production in the rumen and hindgut of animals were reviewed. An overview of CH 4 and N 2 O production processes in manure, and controlling factors are presented. Most of the studies conducted in relation to enteric fermentation were in dairy and beef cattle. To date, research has focussed on GHG emissions from the stored manures of dairy, beef cattle and swine; therefore, we focus our review on these. Several methods used to measure GHG emissions from livestock and stored manure were reviewed. A comparison of methods showed that there were agreements between most of the techniques but some systematic differences were also observed. Additional studies with comprehensive comparisons of methodologies are needed in order to allow for comparison of results obtained from studies using contrasting methodologies. The need to standardize measurement methods and reporting to facilitate comparison of results and data integration was identified. Prediction equations are often used to calculate GHG emissions. Various types of mathematical approaches, such as statistical models, mechanistic models and estimates calculated from emission factors, and studies that compare various types of models are discussed herein. A lack of process-based models describing GHG emissions from manure during storage was identified. A brief description of mitigation strategies focussing on recent studies is given. Reduction in CH 4 emissions from ruminants through the addition of fats in diets and the use of more starch was achieved and a transient beneficial effect of ionophores was reported. Grazing management and genetic selection also hold promise. Studies focussed on manure treatment options that have been suggested to reduce gas fluxes from manure storage, composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), diet manipulation, covers and solid-liquid separation, were reviewed. While some of these options have been shown to decrease GHG emissions from stored manure, different studies have obtained conflicting results, and additional research is needed to identify the most promising options. GHG emissions from pasture and croplands after manure application have been the subject of several experimental and modelling studies, but few of these have linked field emissions to diet manipulation or manure treatments. Further work focussing on the entire cycle of GHG formation from feed formulation, animal metabolism, excreta treatment and storage, to field application of manure needs to be conducted. attribua...

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Influence of composts and liquid pig manure on CO₂ and N₂O emissions from a clay loam soil

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Nitrogen mineralization and uptake by ryegrass in a clay loam soil amended with composts or liquid pig manure

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

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Influence of composts and liquid pig manure on CO2 and N2O emissions from a clay loam soil

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Interactive effects of composts and liquid pig manure with added nitrate on soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Nitrogen mineralization and uptake by ryegrass in a clay loam soil amended with composts or liquid pig manure

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

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Influence of composts and liquid pig manure on CO₂ and N₂O emissions from a clay loam soil