Influence of cognitive reserve in schizophrenia: A systematic review

Herrero, Paula; Contador, Israel; Stern, Yaakov; Fernández‐Calvo, Bernardino; Sánchez, Abraham; Ramos, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.019

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Indeed, the only discernible clinical or cognitive factor separating these 2 groups of patients at baseline was premorbid IQ: the stable SZF group had a premorbid IQ comparable to healthy controls while the SZF→SZ group had a lower premorbid IQ. Our data point to the importance of cognitive reserve as a protective factor in staving off progression to schizophrenia 59 . A critical future step is to understand convergent changes in other structures known to be affected in schizophrenia, particularly the prefrontal cortex 60 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Hippocampal volume in early psychosis: a 2-year longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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Cross-sectional studies suggest that hippocampal volume declines across stages of psychosis. In contrast, longitudinal studies indicate that hippocampal volume is stable in the critical period following illness onset. How can these seemingly disparate sets of findings be resolved? In the present study, we examine two previously unexplored reasons for this discrepancy. First, only specific subregions of the hippocampus may change during the early stage of psychosis. Second, there is diagnostic heterogeneity in the early stage of psychosis and cross-sectional analysis does not permit examination of illness trajectory. Some early stage individuals will have persistent illness leading to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, whereas in others, psychosis will remit. Hippocampal volume may be reduced only in individuals who will ultimately be diagnosed with schizophrenia. We acquired longitudinal structural MRI data from 63 early psychosis and 63 healthy control participants, with up to 4 time points per participant collected over 2 years. Subfield volumes were measured in the anterior and posterior hippocampus using automated segmentation specialized for longitudinal analysis. We observed a volume deficit in early psychosis participants compared to healthy controls that was most pronounced in the anterior hippocampus, but this deficit did not change over 2 years. Importantly, we found that anterior cornu ammonis volume is smaller at baseline in individuals who were diagnosed with schizophrenia at follow-up, but normal in those who maintained a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder over 2 years. Smaller hippocampal volume is not diagnostic of psychosis, but is instead prognostic of clinical outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Hippocampal volume in early psychosis: a 2-year longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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“…53 A recent systematic review reported that an increased cognitive reserve, which is the ability to maintain skills developed throughout life, could be a protective factor in SZ and decrease symptom severity, being related to better functional outcomes. 99 To that end, cognition in SZ should not be viewed as a ''lost cause'' but a potential target for rehabilitation and remediation techniques. 100 Such interventions tailored for a specific cluster of patients could only be properly tested if we recognize the concept of different trajectories in SZ.…”

Section: Personalized Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous trajectories in schizophrenia: insights from neurodevelopment and neuroprogression models

Reckziegel

Czepielewski

Hasse-Sousa

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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The notion that schizophrenia is a neuroprogressive disorder is based on clinical perception of cumulative impairments over time and is supported by neuroimaging and biomarker research. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has indicated that schizophrenia first emerges as a neurodevelopmental disorder that could follow various pathways, some of them neuroprogressive. The objective of this review is to revisit basic research on cognitive processes and neuroimaging findings in a search for candidate keys to the intricate connections between neurodevelopment and neuroprogression in schizophrenia. In the complete panorama, schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, possibly associated with an additional burden over the course of the disease through pathologically accelerated aging, and cognitive heterogeneity may explain the different trajectories of each patient.

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“…Therefore, we can affirm that CR is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary concept. Although research has mainly been carried out in the gerontological field for the prevention of dementia [ 21 ], it has generated a growing interest in psychiatry and psychopathology, applying CR in strokes [ 22 ], mood disorders [ 23 ] or schizophrenia [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Impairment in Autonomous and Institutionalized Older Adults

Wöbbeking-Sánchez

Bonete-López

Cabaco

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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It is necessary to determine which variables help prevent the presence of decline or deterioration during the aging process as a function of advancing age. This research analyses the relations between cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive impairment in 300 individuals. It also aims to confirm the influence of different variables (gender, age, level of studies and institutionalization) in CR and in deterioration in a population of older adults. The results indicate that people with higher CR present less deterioration. Regarding the role of the sociodemographic variables in the level of deterioration and CR, there are no differences between men and women, but there are differences in the variables age, level of studies and institutionalization, in such a way that the older age the greater the cognitive deterioration, the higher the level of studies, the more RC and less deterioration and it was found that the non-institutionalized people present less deterioration and greater CR. It is affirmed that two people with similar clinical characteristics may present different levels of pathology, being the CR the explanation of this fact. The results obtained allow us to affirm that the measurement of CR is considered an essential variable for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Influence of cognitive reserve in schizophrenia: A systematic review

Cited by 51 publications

References 93 publications

Hippocampal volume in early psychosis: a 2-year longitudinal study

Hippocampal volume in early psychosis: a 2-year longitudinal study

Heterogeneous trajectories in schizophrenia: insights from neurodevelopment and neuroprogression models

Relationship between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Impairment in Autonomous and Institutionalized Older Adults

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