Influence of Climate on the Prevalence of Mania

Carney, P. A.; Fitzgerald, Catherine; Monaghan, Christopher

doi:10.1192/bjp.152.6.820

Cited by 90 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Winter and summer are the main seasons when temperatures drop to as low as -3°C during winter and reaches 46°C or higher during the summer, with scanty rainfall, plenty of sunshine during the whole year and variation of day length throughout the year. Little variability in variables other than temperature confirms Carney et al, findings that both sunshine and day length, but not temperatures, correlated significantly with admissions for mania rate [6]. The authors suggested that the onset or relapse of mania may be due to an abnormal response to increasing exposure to light.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Myers and Davies [5] reported on the seasonal incidence of mania and its relationship to climatic variables and found a significant annual cycle with a peak in summer and trough in winter, the current month temperature being the best predictor of mania admission rate. In the study conducted by Carney et al [6], the influence of climate on the prevalence of mania demonstrated a striking peak during spring and summer, with a decline in autumn and increase again during winter. They also found that sunshine and day length correlated significantly with mania admission rates while current month temperatures did not.…”

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confidence: 95%

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The Seasonality of Mania: Preliminary Findings

et al. 1992

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The relationship between climatic variables and monthly manic admissions to a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was examined over a six-year period. The results indicate a weak but significant correlation between monthly admission rates of mania and day length, humidity, air pressure, and temperature. The correlation did not seem, however, to be strong enough to indicate a seasonal trend. Also, current month climatic variables are better correlated than previous months. The prevalence of sunshine throughout the year may explain the low correlation with mania admissions unlike reports from other countries. The onset or relapse of affective disorders have been reported to relate to seasonal variations [1]. Studies of suicide (being heavily contributed to by major depressive disorders), support these findings [2], Studies of the seasonal incidence of affective disorders have demonstrated a tendency for spring and fall peaks of depression and a summer peak of mania [1]. A sex differential has also been observed. In fact, Symon and Williams [3] reported a seasonal variation for female manic admissions; the peak being in August-September, while for males they found no significant seasonal pattern. Walter [4], however, reanalyzed the Symon and Williams data and found significant seasonal variations for both sexes. Myers and Davies [5] reported on the seasonal incidence of mania and its relationship to climatic variables and found a significant annual cycle with a peak in summer and trough in winter, the current month temperature being the best predictor of mania admission rate. In the study conducted by Carney et al [6], the influence of climate on the prevalence of mania demonstrated a striking peak during spring and summer, with a decline in autumn and increase again during winter. They also found that sunshine and day length correlated significantly with mania admission rates while current month temperatures did not.Our clinical experience in Riyadh suggests an increase in admission rates for mania during the winter months. Also, both the fact that the extremely hot climate of Saudi Arabia contrasts sharply with temperate climates in countries where previous studies have been conducted and the paucity of similar studies in hot regions prompted us to initiate this study. Therefore, our objectives were to verify whether there was a seasonal variation in the prevalence of mania in Riyadh and to examine the association between monthly mania admission rates and individual climatic variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

The Seasonality of Mania: Preliminary Findings

et al. 1992

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“…There have been suggestions of an increased light sensitivity, during spring and summer, in susceptible individuals [3,5], and evidence of a genetic factor determining seasonality of mood and behavior [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective Disorders, Hospital Admissions, and Seasonal Variation of Mania in a Subtropical Area, Southern Hemisphere

1998

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Hospital admissions (n = 15,450) to a state psychiatric hospital in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, over a 10-year period (1982–1991) were reviewed. 157 (1%) patients received a probable diagnosis of affective disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria. Among them, 46% had been diagnosed by the staff psychiatrists, and their diagnoses were sustained by the researchers, whereas 54% were diagnosed only by one of the researchers (F.K.C.). These last patients had previously received a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia or unspecified psychosis (ICD-9). Most of the patients with affective disorders were bipolar: 72 and 8%, respectively, presented manic and depressive episodes. Thus, only 20% received a diagnosis of major depression. A seasonal pattern in hospital admission was observed only for mania in women, their episodes occurring more often (p < 0.02) in spring and summer. No significant seasonal pattern in hospital admission for depression was found.

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“…53 It is also noteworthy that seasonality of psychiatric disorders itself could have influenced our results, which may be reflected by the peak in August of panic attacks 54 associated with the increase of manic/hypomanic episodes. 55,56 In our ED we have observed a slight decrease of total visits during summer months in the last fifteen years, with July and August exhibiting a 5 to 8% lower prevalence than March or November. Therefore, we can not explain our findings in terms of correlation with increase of total ED visits.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 64%

The number of emergency department visits for psychiatric emergencies is strongly associated with mean temperature and humidity variations. Results of a nine year survey

Cervellin¹,

Comelli²,

Lippi³

et al. 2014

Emerg Care J

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Several disorders, such as renal colics, stroke, atrial fibrillation and others, are epidemiologically associated with seasonality and microclimatic variations. Although evidence is still limited, an association between psychiatric emergencies and seasonality has also been previously described. In order to elucidate the possible association between weather and incidence of psychiatric emergencies in a country with temperate climate, we analyzed the influence of day by day climate changes on the number of visits for psychiatric emergencies in an urban emergency department (ED) of northern Italy. All ED visits for psychiatric emergencies were retrieved from the hospital database from 2002 to 2010. The total number of ED visits was 725,812 throughout the study period, 11,786 of which for emergency psychiatric problems. We found a strong seasonal distribution of emergency psychiatric visits, peaking in summer and at the beginning of spring. The linear regression analysis showed a strong positive association between number of daily emergency psychiatric visits and mean daily air temperature (R=0.82; P<0.001), and an inverse association with mean daily air humidity (R=-0.52; P<0.001). These findings suggest that psychiatric disorders follow a significant seasonal variation, so that it may be advisable to strengthen psychiatric emergency services during the hottest months.

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Influence of Climate on the Prevalence of Mania

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

The Seasonality of Mania: Preliminary Findings

The Seasonality of Mania: Preliminary Findings

Affective Disorders, Hospital Admissions, and Seasonal Variation of Mania in a Subtropical Area, Southern Hemisphere

The number of emergency department visits for psychiatric emergencies is strongly associated with mean temperature and humidity variations. Results of a nine year survey

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