Influence of Climate and Relief on Compositions of Sands Released at Source Areas

Basu, Abhijit

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2809-6_1

Cited by 102 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…Possible explanations for the absence of derivation from Upper Paleozoic plutonic rocks are that (1) these plutonic bodies were scarcely exposed or (2) chemical weathering and cumulative effects of sedimentary recycling mask the source rock signal. The chemical weathering and sedimentary recycling of such rocks under a hot, episodically humid climate with a prolonged dry season would produce illitization of silicate minerals, oxidation of iron, and concentration of quartz in thick soil profiles that were later denuded by fluvial erosion, producing relatively mature quartz-rich red deposits (e.g., Suttner et al 1981;Basu 1985).…”

Section: Composition and Provenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Geochemical Signatures for the Sedimentary Evolution of the Middle Triassic–Lower Jurassic Continental Redbeds from Western-Central Mediterranean Alpine Chains

Critelli¹,

Mongelli²,

Perri³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Geology

100

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A B S T R A C TCompositional and chemical analyses suggest that Middle Triassic-Lower Liassic continental redbeds (in the internal domains of the Betic, Maghrebian, and Apenninic chains) can be considered a regional lithosome marking the TriassicJurassic rift-valley stage of Tethyan rifting, which led to the Pangaea breakup and subsequent development of a mosaic of plates and microplates. Sandstones are quartzose to quartzolithic and represent a provenance of continental block and recycled orogen, made up mainly of Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks similar to those underlying the redbeds. Mudrocks display K enrichments; intense paleoweathering under a hot, episodically humid climate with a prolonged dry season; and sediment recycling. Redbeds experienced temperatures in the range of 100°-160°C and lithostatic/ tectonic loading of more than 4 km. These redbeds represent an important stratigraphic signature to reconstruct a continental block (Mesomediterranean Microplate) that separated different realms of the western Tethys from MiddleLate Jurassic to Miocene, when it was completely involved in Alpine orogenesis.

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Section: Composition and Provenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Geochemical Signatures for the Sedimentary Evolution of the Middle Triassic–Lower Jurassic Continental Redbeds from Western-Central Mediterranean Alpine Chains

Critelli¹,

Mongelli²,

Perri³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Geology

100

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“…La composición final de las arenas está condicionada y refleja, en líneas generales, la influencia de cuatro factores: área fuente, clima, medio de transporte y sedimentación, y por último, los procesos diagenéticos (Suttner, 1974;Basu, 1985;Suttner y Dutta, 1986).…”

Section: El áRea Fuente De Las Arenas Miocenas Del Margen Ne De La Cuunclassified

“…La composición final de una roca detrítica no depende únicamente de la naturaleza del área fuente, sino que está condicionada por factores tales como el clima, la energía del medio de transporte y los procesos diagenéticos que sufre el sedimento (Suttner, 1974;Basu, 1985;Suttner y Dutta, 1986). Esto puede llevar a errores en la interpretación, limitando así la validez del método (Mack, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Alonso-Zarza¹,

González²

1991

Estud. geol.

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RESUMENEn este trabajo se estudian las arenas miocenas del margen NE de la Cuenca de Madrid. La composición modal, tipología de granos de cuarzo y la asociación de minerales pesados separan claramente dos tipos de arenas: 1) litoarenitas y sublitoarenitas en las que la tipología de los granos de cuarzo y el cortejo de minerales pesados indican áreas fuente de bajo grado metamórfico y 2) litoarenitas y sublitoarenitas en las que tanto las características de los granos de cuarzo como la asociación de min,:rales pesados reflejan un área fuente sedimentaria, cuya procedencia última se explica por el reciclado de áreas fuente metamórficas más antiguas y de mayor grado de metamorfismo.La composición modal de las arenas miocenas del margen NE de la Cuenca de Madrid indica un contexto teórico de orogeno reciclado, a pesar de que las características estructurales específicas de la Cuenca de Madrid no se ajustan del todo a dicho modelo. Palabras clave: Cuenca de Madrid, Mioceno, mineralogía de arenas, tipología de granos de cuarzo, áreas fuente, contexto geotectónico.ABSTRACT Miocene sands to the NE of the Madrid Basin have been analysed in order to determine if their composition is a good indicator of provenance. Modal composition, quartz types and heavy mineral associations clearly separate two types of sands: 1) litharenites and sublitharenites which show quartz types and heavy mineral associations indicative of low grade metamorphic source rocks from the Somosierra Range, and 2) litharenites and sublitharenites fed up by the sedimentary rocks of the Iberian Range; these sands were recycled from older sedimentary rocks whose first source rocks were higher grade metamorphic formations as shown by quartz types and heavy minerals.The modal composition of the Miocene sandstones would reflect a theoretical recycled orogen setting. Nevertheles the structural characteristics of the Madrid Basin do not fit properly this type of tectonic setting.Key words: Madrid Basin, Miocene, sand mineralogy, quartz types, source rocks, tectonic setting. IntroducciónLa composición de los componentes detríticos de las arenas y areniscas ha sido utilizada tradicionalmente para la determinación del área de procedencia de dichos materiales. Estos estudios se han abordado fundamentalmente analizando dos tipos de componentes: la fracción ligera y la composición de la fracción pesada. Ambos métodos han sido utilizados, por lo general, de forma separada, existiendo defensores y detractores de uno y otro sistema.Los estudios relacionados con la composición modal de la fracción ligera son, quizás, los que han sido aplicados de una forma más continua, debido a su fá-cil interpretación y por ser los componentes mayoritarios en las rocas. Estos trabajos utilizan representaciones triangulares de cuarzo-feldespatos-fragmentos de roca, determinando la naturaleza del área • U.E.!. Petrología. Instituto de Geología Económica CSIC. Facultad C. Geológicas. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid.

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“…Factors such as relief, transport and climate are likely to modify the final composition of a sand deposit (Johnsson, 1993) and, together with source lithology and tectonics, define the concept of provenance (Basu, 1985). Several studies have addressed the relationship between climate and sandy deposit composition in present-day sediments Basu, 1976;Suttner et al, 1981;Franzinelli and Potter, 1983) which serves as a base for palaeoclimatic interpretations of older sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of clastic sediments in the Somosaguas area (middle Miocene, Madrid Basin): insights into provenance and palaeoclimate

Fesharaki

Mocoroa

Martínez

2015

Journal of Iberian Geology

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The western area of the Cenozoic Madrid Basin has not been adequately studied. This, combined with the high homogeneity of detrital facies makes the stratigraphic correlation with other areas of the basin rather difficult. Consequently, only a detailed characterization of different study zones can allow subsequent correlation over this area. Over the last years there have been discovered several vertebrate fossil sites in this area that allow the dating of the sediments which host the fossil remains and provide data about palaeoclimatic trends. In this paper we present the results of the light minerals petrographic analysis carried out in one of these sites (Somosaguas paleontological site). Previous palaeontological and isotopic studies in this site indicate a climate event of cooling and rising aridity that has been described globally for the period after the Miocene Climatic Optimum. The petrographic data and indices presented here corroborate this trend towards a more arid climate through the Somosaguas sedimentary succession. Besides we study the grades of alteration of plagioclase grains as a proxy in the evaluation of palaeoclimatic variations. The increase towards the top of the succession of less altered plagioclase grains suggests a decrease in precipitations and thus more aridity. Part of the quartz and K-feldspar grains display several features like embayments and alterations pointing to palaeosoils formation and reworking processes. These characteristics and other observations suggest several sedimentary pulses in a geotectonic setting of "basement uplift" and a mixed lithological provenance for the Somosaguas deposits (granites, gneisses and minor quantities of low-grade metamorphic rocks).Keywords: middle Aragonian, Miocene Climatic Optimum, aridity, palaeosol, plagioclase alteration, sand Resumen La zona occidental de la cuenca de Madrid no ha sido adecuadamente estudiada. Esto, combinado con la alta homogeneidad de facies detríticas dificulta la correlación estratigráfica con otras áreas de la cuenca. En consecuencia, sólo una caracterización detallada de diferentes zonas de estudio puede permitir posteriores trabajos de correlación regional. En los últimos años se han descubierto varios yacimientos de fósiles de vertebrados en esta área que permiten la datación de los sedimentos que albergan estos restos y proporcionan datos paleoclimáti-cos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de los análisis composicionales de minerales ligeros realizados en uno de estos yacimientos (yacimiento paleontológico de Somosaguas). Estudios paleontológicos e isotópicos previos en este yacimiento registran un evento climá-tico de enfriamiento y aumento de la aridez que se ha descrito a nivel mundial para el período posterior al Óptimo Climático del Mioceno. Los datos e índices petrográficos presentados en este trabajo corroboran la tendencia hacia un clima más árido a lo largo de la sucesión sedimentaria de Somosaguas. Además, se estudian los grados de alteración de los granos de plagioclasa como prox...

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Influence of Climate and Relief on Compositions of Sands Released at Source Areas

Cited by 102 publications

References 14 publications

Compositional and Geochemical Signatures for the Sedimentary Evolution of the Middle Triassic–Lower Jurassic Continental Redbeds from Western-Central Mediterranean Alpine Chains

Compositional and Geochemical Signatures for the Sedimentary Evolution of the Middle Triassic–Lower Jurassic Continental Redbeds from Western-Central Mediterranean Alpine Chains

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Composition of clastic sediments in the Somosaguas area (middle Miocene, Madrid Basin): insights into provenance and palaeoclimate

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