Influence of clay modification on the structure and mechanical properties of EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Zheng, Hua; Zhang, Yong; Peng, Zonglin; Zhang, Yinxi

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(03)00097-7

Cited by 173 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…After our success, a lot of researchers have started to study in these field and a huge number of research articles have been published. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] We expect that clay-based nanocomposite technology is grown into the universal method for high-performance materials from structural to functional ones extensively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

Katô

Usuki

Hasegawa

et al. 2011

Polym J

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A nylon 6-clay hybrid (nanocomposite, NCH) was developed by Toyota CRDL group. In the NCH, the silicate layers of clay mineral are dispersed on a nanometer level and are strongly interacted with the matrix, and then significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the material or the discovery of unexpected new properties were realized. Polypropylene (PP) is the most widely used polymer, and then an appearance of a PP-clay nanocomposite has been desired for a long time. As a PP does not include any polar groups in its backbone, it was thought that the homogeneous dispersion of the silicate layers would not be realized. But we have developed successfully PP-clay nanocomposite using organoclay and modified PP. That is, organophilic clay, PP oligomer carrying polar groups and PP were melt-blended. This is a direct polymer intercalation process for preparing polymer nanocomposites by melt compounding, a useful process from an industrial standpoint. We have also developed successfully other polyolefin polymers (polyethylene), polyolefin rubbers (ethylene-propylene elastomer, ethylene-propylene diene monomer) and nanocomposites by this direct polymer intercalation process or by techniques based on direct polymer intercalation process. These prepared polyolefin nanocomposites exhibit superior mechanical, thermal and gas barrier properties. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 583-593; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.44; published online 1 June 2011Keywords: clay mineral; nanocomposite; polyolefin; polyolefin rubber INTRODUCTION A nylon 6-clay hybrid (nanocomposite, NCH) has been developed, in which the silicate layers of clay mineral are dispersed on a nanometer level and strongly interact with the matrix. 1-3 Significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the material and the discovery of new properties also have been realized. Polyolefins (such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)) are the most widely used polymers, and there has been interest in the development of a polyolefin-clay nanocomposite. As polyolefins do not include any polar groups in the backbone, a homogeneous dispersion of silicate layers did not seem to be possible. However, the successful development of a PP-clay nanocomposite using organoclay and modified PP has been achieved. Nanocomposites of clay with various polyolefin polymers and rubbers have been developed. This report provides an overview of preparation methods and properties of polyolefin polymer/rubbers-clay nanocomposites.Montmorillonite (MMT) was used as the clay mineral in this investigation of polyolefin-clay nanocomposites. MMT composed of micro-sized particles formed from stacks of three-layer 'sandwiches' is most widely used. In these sandwiches, a tetrahedral sheet of silicon oxide is on both sides of a central octahedral sheet of aluminum oxide (a 2:1.clay). The plate-shaped layers are 0.96-nm thick and have an average diameter of about 100-500 nm, which represents filler with a significantly large aspect ratio. For comparison, a glass fiber of 13 mm in diameter with a length o...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

Katô

Usuki

Hasegawa

et al. 2011

Polym J

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“…With addition of organoclay mineral to the elastomer blend, scorch and optimum cure times are shortened. In fact, functional amine groups of organic cations extracted from the organoclay gallery spacing form coordination complexes with ZnO and sulfur [5,15,18] , facilitating the development of elemental sulfur [19,20] and curing the reaction of rubber stocks [21,22] . The possible formation of Zn complexes in which sulfur and ammonium functional modifying groups participate may facilitate the formation of crosslinks.…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomer nanocomposites based on NBR/BR/nanoclay: morphology and mechanical properties

Tolooei¹,

Naderi

Shokoohi³

et al. 2013

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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Ternary elastomer nanocomposites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR) and two types of nanoclay (Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B) were prepared using a laboratory scale tworoll mill. The effects of nanoclay composition on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of NBR/BR (50/50) nanocomposite samples containing 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt % nanoclay were investigated. According to the cure characteristics both types of nanoclay caused a reduction in the scorch time and optimum cure time of the nanocomposite compound. X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples suggested the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate layers. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was utilized to study the dispersion state of nanoclay within the elastomer blend matrix. The results showed the development of mechanical properties with the establishment of interactions between nanoclay and polymer chains. Antiknock and brake fluid uptake were also reduced with increasing the nanoclay content.

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“…Most previous studies about the vulcanization kinetic of RCNs indicted that addition of OMC would considerably increase curing rate and crosslinking density of various rubber compounds, including NR [24,25], ENR [26], BR [27,28], SBR [29], EAR [30], NBR [31], and NBR/SBR blend [32]. On the other hand, some studies [12,33] on EPDM/OMC systems shown that addition of OMC prolonged the optimum curing time and reduced the cross-linking density of the composites. As shown by above experimental results, the intercalated structure of clay in the EPDMCN had changed much more intensively than that in the BIIRCN during the curing process.…”

Section: Effects Of Omc On the Curing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many factors that impact the microstructure of RCNs prepared by melt compounding. Previous studies have shown that the type of intercalant [9][10][11][12], the compounding conditions (shear stress and temperature) [13,14], as well as the polarity of the rubber [15] have sig-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-structural evolution of rubber/clay nanocomposites with vulcanization process

Lu¹,

Ye²,

Mao³

et al. 2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Brominated isobutyl-isoprene rubber/clay nanocomposite (BIIRCN) and ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber/clay nanocomposite (EPDMCN) were prepared by melt blending. The micro-structural evolution of these two kinds of rubber/clay nanocomposites (RCNs) with vulcanization process was investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The WAXD results revealed that the intercalated structure of organically modified clay (OMC) changed throughout the whole curing process. The intercalated structure kept on changing beyond the vulcanization stage of T 90 . The interlayer space of intercalated silicate in uncured BIIRCN is larger than that in uncured EPDMCN. However, the intercalated structure for EPDMCN changed by a larger extent than that for BIIRCN during the vulcanization process, and the interlayer space of the intercalated structure is larger in the cured EPDMCN than that in the cured BIIRCN. It was found that the intercalant (i.e., octadecylamine, ODA) for OMC could shorten the scorch time of the curing reaction, and increase the curing rate, which was attributed to the further intercalation during vulcanization. TEM results indicated that the spatial distribution of OMC is much better in BIIR (a polar rubber matrix) than that in EPDM (a non-polar rubber matrix). The changes in spatial dispersion structure during vulcanization for EPDMCN and BIIRCN show different trends. In conclusion, the polarity of the rubber is the determining factor influencing the evolution of both the intercalated structure and the spatial dispersion of clay during vulcanization.

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Influence of clay modification on the structure and mechanical properties of EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Cited by 173 publications

References 16 publications

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

Elastomer nanocomposites based on NBR/BR/nanoclay: morphology and mechanical properties

Micro-structural evolution of rubber/clay nanocomposites with vulcanization process

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