Influence of Clay Addition on Physical Properties and Wettability of Peat-growing Media

Michel, Jean-Charles

doi:10.21273/hortsci.44.6.1694

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The positive effect of these additives was often indirectly evaluated in terms of physical properties by the increase in water‐holding capacity (Bunt, 1983; Rivière et al, 1995; Martinez et al, 1997; Urrestarazu et al, 2008). However, contact angle measurements and water drop penetration time tests performed by Michel (2009) (Table 1) and Michel et al (1997) on peat after clay or wetting agent addition, as well as hydration efficiency tests performed by Fields et al (2014) on a larger variety of organic growing media with different concentrations of wetting agent, confirmed the positive effects of these additives on the wettability of growing media. The effects are most likely related to their own characteristics (type of clay minerals, biochemical composition of the wetting agent) and to their proportion in the growing media.…”

Section: Use Of Additives For Limiting Risks Of Water Repellencymentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The effects are most likely related to their own characteristics (type of clay minerals, biochemical composition of the wetting agent) and to their proportion in the growing media. However, results obtained with wetting agent or clay addition (at the usual concentrations proposed by the wetting agent companies) led to similar conclusions: their incorporation into growing media did not reveal significant differences in wettability at higher water contents (i.e., when the materials are wetted and then hydrophilic) but subsequently led to a progressive decrease in contact angles (Michel et al, 1997; Michel, 2009) and hydration efficiency tests (Fields et al, 2014) for drier materials. This leads to hydrophilic air‐dried mixtures in comparison to hydrophobic pure materials.…”

Section: Use Of Additives For Limiting Risks Of Water Repellencymentioning

confidence: 77%

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Wettability of Organic Growing Media Used in Horticulture: A Review

Michel

2015

Vadose Zone Journal

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Hydrophobicity of organic matter is the primary factor affecting soil physical properties such as soil structural stability after drying. In horticultural production, the measurement of wettability is even more relevant due to the large use and high content of organic materials in growing media and to the large and rapid variations in water content in the media (due to the limited volumes of pots or containers), both of which can quickly create hydrophobic conditions. This review discusses the methods used for measuring the wettability of growing media, the evolution of wettability vs. water content, ways for limiting hydrophobicity, and inally the relationships between growing media wettability and physical properties. In addition to the indirect estimation of hydrophobicity based on physical properties such as water holding capacity, contact angles obtained from capillary rise and hydration eficiency tests are the most common methods describing the changes from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity of organic growing media in relation to water content. Wetting agents and clay have been shown to reduce the water repellency of growing media under the driest conditions. A general trend of increasing water repellency during desiccation from highly decomposed peat > bark > weakly decomposed peat > wood products > coco iber has been documented. As for water retention, hysteresis phenomena in contact angles have been shown during drying-wetting cycles. The inluence of hydrophobicity on water retention characteristics has also been modeled, providing evidence that hydrophobicity is a function of the growing medium pore size domain. The reciprocal effects of physical and biological roles of roots on the wettability and physical properties of growing media should be investigated in future research.Organic matter is one of the main constituents of soil afecting the soil's hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. Some researchers have described the consequences of soil water repellency in terms of (i) retardation or resistance of surface water iniltration and creation of preferential low paths for water and solutes (Ritsema et al.

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Section: Use Of Additives For Limiting Risks Of Water Repellencymentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Use Of Additives For Limiting Risks Of Water Repellencymentioning

confidence: 77%

Wettability of Organic Growing Media Used in Horticulture: A Review

Michel

2015

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…There are several factors that can influence a substrate's wettability, including, but not limited to, MC (de Jonge et al, 1999;Michel et al, 2001), substrate pH (Gautam and Ashwath, 2012), hydrophobicity of the substrate (Fonteno et al, 2013), and preferential flow (Dekker and Ritsema, 1994). Measurement of substrate wettability has been difficult to assess with the most common method in the literature being the measurement of contact angles (Michel, 2009). Another method for measuring substrate wettability described by Letey (1969) and re-evaluated by Dekker and Ritsema (2000b) is known as the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test.…”

Section: Wettability Of a Materials Was Defined Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration Efficiency of Traditional and Alternative Greenhouse Substrate Components

Fields

Fonteno

Jackson

2014

horts

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Wettability is a major factor in determining whether a material can be effectively and efficiently used as a component in greenhouse substrates. Poor wettability can lead to poor plant growth and development as well as water use inefficiency. This research was designed to test the wettability and hydration efficiency of both traditional and alternative components of substrates under different initial moisture contents (MCs) and wetting agent levels. Peatmoss, perlite, coconut coir, pine bark, and two differently manufactured pine tree substrate components (pine wood chips and shredded pine wood) were tested at 50% and 25% initial MC (by weight). The objective of this research was to determine the effects of initial MC and wetting agent rates on the wettability and hydration efficiency of these substrate components. Each component received four wetting agent treatments: high (348 mL·m−3), medium (232 mL·m−3), low (116 mL·m−3), and none (0 mL·m−3). Hydration efficiency was influenced by initial MC, wetting agent rate, and inherent hydrophobic properties of the materials. Wetting agents did increase the hydration efficiencies of the substrate components, although not always enough to overcome all cases of hydrophobicity.

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“…Mario (2002) melaporkan adanya peningkatan hasil gabah dan penurunan emisi karbon dengan penggunaan terak baja (bahan kaya besi). Penggunaan amelioran berkadar besi tinggi juga dilaporkan mampu meningkatkan daya simpan air (Michel, 2009), sehingga berpotensi mencegah terjadinya hidrofobisitas tanah gambut (Szajdak dan Szatylowicz, 2010). Informasi pengaruh muka air tanah dan pemberian bahan amelioran kaya besi (terak baja) terhadap kelembapan tanah gambut, emisi karbon dioksida, pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit belum banyak diketahui secara mendalam.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Impacts of Water Table and Soil Ameliorant on Soil Moisture, Co2 Emission, and Oil Palm Yield on Peat Soil

Winarna

Yusuf

Rahutomo

et al. 2017

J. Pen. Kelapa Sawit

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A field study on peat soil to investigate impacts of soil water table depth and soil ameliorant (steel sludge) had been carried out on mature oil palm. Three treatments of soil water table management and four rates of steel sludge application were applied in this study. Treatments of soil water table management were WLM1, WLM-2, and WLM-3, where soil water table depth was maintained at 35-50 cm, 60-75 cm, and >75 cm below the soil surface, respectively. Treatments of steel sludge were application of this soil ameliorant at the rate of 0; 3.15; 6.51; 9.86 kg tree-1. The study was arranged as split plot randomized block design by assigning soil water table management as main plot and rate of steel sludge as sub plot. Soil Data observed were actual soil water content, peat soil properties, CO2 emission, vegetative growth, and palm yield. The results showed that maintaining soil water table depth at < 75 cm could maintain actual soil moisture up to top parts of peat soil. On the other hand, deeper soil water table (>75 cm, WLM-3) caused significant effects on decreasing of soil moisture in the 0-10 cm layer of peat soil. CO2 emission was 37, 40, dan 45 ton ha-1 year-1 under WLM-1, WLM-2, and WLM-3, respectively. The drop of soil water table to >75 cm (WLM-3) significantly increased CO2 emission to about 11-18% higher than that on WLM-1 and WLM-2. Steel sludge application did not significantly decrease CO2 emission. The highest FFB yield was observed under WLM-1, then followed by WLM-2 and WLM-3. FFB yield was significantly higher when soil water depth was maintained at 35-75 cm than that at > 75 cm, it was 7-10% and 36-60% higher in 2014 and 2015, respectively. There were no significant effects of steel sludge application on FFB yield, but there was improvement on average bunch weight.

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Influence of Clay Addition on Physical Properties and Wettability of Peat-growing Media

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Wettability of Organic Growing Media Used in Horticulture: A Review

Wettability of Organic Growing Media Used in Horticulture: A Review

Hydration Efficiency of Traditional and Alternative Greenhouse Substrate Components

Impacts of Water Table and Soil Ameliorant on Soil Moisture, Co2 Emission, and Oil Palm Yield on Peat Soil

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