Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Goiter Formation,Thyroglobulin, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Women*

Christensen, Svend Borup; Ericsson, Ulla-Britt; Janzon, Lars; Tibblin, S; Melander, Arne

doi:10.1210/jcem-58-4-615

Cited by 123 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Smoking may reduce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, which can promote thyroid hyperplasia leading to thyroid cancer. 35,36 Lower TSH levels in smokers than in former and never-smokers have been reported by some, [37][38][39][40] but not all studies. 41 Another proposed biological pathway is the anti-estrogenic effect of smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Nagano

Mabuchi

Yoshimoto³

et al. 2007

Journal of Epidemiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Nagano

Mabuchi

Yoshimoto³

et al. 2007

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…Smoking affects the thyroid gland (Christensen et al 1984, Fisher et al 1997, Utiger 1998, and thiocyanate is associated with hypothyroidism (Fukayama et al 1992, Muller et al 1995. During lactation, smoking mothers transfer less iodine through milk (Lauberg et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Santos-Silva

Oliveira²,

Pinheiro³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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Exposure to tobacco smoke is related to changes in energy balance regulation and several endocrine dysfunctions. Previously, we showed that maternal nicotine (the main addictive compound of tobacco) exposure exclusively during lactation affects biochemical profiles in mothers, milk, and pups. As the possible consequences for mothers and offspring of maternal smoking during lactation are still unknown, we evaluated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and pups at weaning. After 72 h from birth, lactating rats were divided into two groups: smoke-exposed (S) in a cigarette-smoking machine, 4!1 h per day throughout the lactation period without pups; control (C), rats were treated the same as the experimental group but exposed to filtered air. Dams and pups were killed at weaning (21 days of lactation). Body weight and food intake were evaluated. Milk, blood, visceral fat, adrenal, and carcass were collected. S dams showed hyperprolactinemia (C50%), hypoinsulinemia (K40%), hypoleptinemia (K46%), as well as lower triglycerides (K53%) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (K50%). Milk of S dams had higher lactose (C52%) and triglycerides (C78%). S pups presented higher body protein (C17%), lower total (K24%) and subcutaneous fat contents (K25%), hypoglycemia (K11%), hyperinsulinemia (C28%), hypocorticosteronemia (K40%), lower adrenal catecholamine content (K40%), hypertriglyceridemia (C34%), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C16%), and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (K45%). In conclusion, tobacco smoke exposure leads to changes in nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and, passively through the milk, may promote several important metabolic disorders in the progeny.

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“…This can partly be explained by the lower number of smokers than nonsmokers in the study, which gave the study less statistical power in that group. Furthermore, it is well known that smoking affects thyroid function, 28 which was exemplified in subjects who started/quitted smoking during the 7 years between the two Tromsø studies. Thus, those who started smoking had an increase in delta TSH of only 0.0770.8 versus 0.3270.9 mIU/l in those who stopped smoking (Po0.05, Student's t-test).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum TSH is positively associated with BMI

2005

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Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) within the normal range and body mass index (BMI). Design and subjects: The study was performed in 6164 subjects (2813 males) who attended the fifth Tromsø study in 2001, and in 1867 subjects (873 males) that attended both the fourth Tromsø study in 1994/1995 as well as the fifth Tromsø study. Measurements: Height, weight, and serum TSH were measured in all subjects, and smoking status was recorded. Results: Smokers and nonsmokers were analyzed separately. In the fifth Tromsø study, serum TSH was positively and significantly associated with BMI in the nonsmokers. Within the normal TSH range (defined as the 2.5-97.5 percentile), nonsmoking males in the highest TSH quartile had a mean BMI 0.4 kg/m 2 higher compared to those in the lower quartile, whereas the difference for nonsmoking women was 1.4 kg/m 2 . Similarly, in nonsmokers in the longitudinal study, there was a significant and positive association between delta serum TSH (serum TSH in 2001 minus serum TSH in 1994) and delta BMI in those with serum TSH within the normal range both in 1994 and 2001. In these subjects, the quartile with the highest delta serum TSH had a mean increase in BMI from 1994 to 2001 that was 0.3 kg/m 2 higher compared to those in the quartile with the lowest delta serum TSH. For the smokers, relations between serum TSH and BMI were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In nonsmokers there is a positive association between serum TSH within the normal range and BMI.

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Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Goiter Formation,Thyroglobulin, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Women*

Cited by 123 publications

References 7 publications

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Serum TSH is positively associated with BMI

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