Influence of cigarette smoke combined with different toothpastes on enamel erosion

Abstract

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different toothpastes on dental enamel subjected to an erosive cycle with and without exposure to cigarette smoke. Bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated into 12 groups (n = 12). For the in vitro simulation of smoking, half the groups underwent an exposure cycle of 20 cigarettes per day for 5 days. Subsequently, all groups were subjected to a 5-day erosion cycle intercalating demineralization (1 min; 1% citric acid; pH = 3.5) and treatment with toothpaste slurries (2 min) of NaF, SnF 2 , F/Sn/Chitosan, F/CaSiO 3 /Na 3 PO 4 , and F/bioactive glass. The control group was immersed in distilled water. Surface microhardness (SMH) was measured initially, after exposure to smoke, and after the erosive cycle, and %SMH was calculated. At the end of the experimental cycle, surface roughness, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed. SMH increased after exposure to cigarette smoke (p < 0.05). After the erosive cycle, there were no differences between the presence and absence of cigarette smoke exposure in SMH and roughness (p > 0.05). Besides increasing enamel SMH, cigarette smoke did not prevent enamel loss after the erosion cycle (p < 0.05). In profilometry, roughness and surface loss had the lowest values in the groups treated with SnF 2 and F/Sn/Chitosan (p < 0.05). AFM showed lower mineral loss with F/CaSiO 3 /Na 3 PO 4 and F/Sn/Chitosan. For all groups, except F/CaSiO 3 /Na 3 PO 4 , cigarette smoke resulted in higher enamel wear. F/Sn/Chitosan showed the best results against erosion.

Perspectives of Oral Dental Care

“…At the same time, smoking favors the appearance of gingivitis and periodontitis and, therefore, the loss of teeth. It should also be mentioned that the temperature during smoking can change the morphology of hydroxyapatite crystals in the dental enamel component [32,33].…”

Habitual smoking and dental health: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018

“…6 The impact of smoking on dental health is signi cant that can increased risk of dental implant failure, and other hazards, 7 as well as reduce blood circulation and cellular metabolism around teeth, accelerating tooth and bone destruction. 8 Although several studies have shown a strong association between smoking and dental health, [9][10][11] still have some shortcomings. For example, most studies have focused only on comparing dental health between smokers and nonsmokers, and there is a lack of indepth studies on other factors, such as the smoking duration on dental health.Therefore, the present experiment aimed to conduct further in-depth cross-sectional studies to gain a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of the relationship between smoking and dental health.The experimental data for this experiment were obtained from the NHANES database, which stands for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national health status survey sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.The program collects and analyzes data on various aspects of health and nutrition through interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests.…”