Influence of chronic caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection on the population of peripheral blood leukocytes

Abstract

The influence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus infection on the population of peripheral blood leukocytes in goats was evaluated. For this purpose two groups of adult dairy female goats were formed. The experimental group consisted of 17 goats, which had been naturally infected for many years. The control group comprised 29 non-infected goats, which originated from CAE-free herd. All goats were clinically healthy. Whole blood was collected and tested in hematological analyzer and light microscope to assess the total number of leukocytes and the percentage of four leukocyte populations -neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Then, flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies against several surface antigens (namely CD14, CD2, B-B2, CD4, CD8h, TCR-N6, WC1-N2 and WC1-N3) was performed to assess the proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations. Statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.01) were observed only in the subpopulations of T lymphocytes -percentage of all subpopulations were significantly higher in the group of seropositive goats. No statistically significant differences were revealed with respect to the total number of blood leukocytes, the average percentage of blood leukocyte populations and proportions of both T and B lymphocytes.

Immunogenetics of Small Ruminant Lentiviral Infections

“…In ruminants, γδT cells comprise approximately 70% of all lymphocytes in young animals, and are an important part of the innate immune system [90]. CAEV-infected goats have a significantly higher proportion of γδT cells compared to healthy goats, which suggests that these cells may be important for controlling SRLV infection [90,91,92].…”

“…CAEV-infected goats have a significantly higher proportion of γδT cells compared to healthy goats, which suggests that these cells may be important for controlling SRLV infection [90,91,92]. Given that γδT cells tend to localize to mucosal surfaces, it is possible that this cell type plays a crucial role in limiting SRLV entry and mediating early immune responses against these viruses.…”

Twelve-year cohort study on the influence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection on milk yield and composition

“…Immune-mediated inflammation seems to be the core of CAE pathogenesis (Jolly et al, 1997;Ponti et al, 2008;Kaba et al, 2011). The influence of the infection on lymphocyte reactivity was also detected (Kaba et al, 2010b). Moreover, during infection, the local immune response in the udder was very strong Milhau et al, 2005).…”

Prospects in Innate Immune Responses as Potential Control Strategies against Non-Primate Lentiviruses

“…DCs are infected by SRLV in vivo and in vitro , and are important for the transfer of MVV from the site of infection to lymphoid tissue not only carrying virus, but infected with replicating virus [ 61 ]. γδT cells are a unique set of unconventional T-cells that are present in a high number in sheep, goats, and other ruminants, involving approximately 70% of all lymphocytes in young animals [ 62 ]. These cells localize to mucosal surfaces where they function as primary responders by recognizing intact structures in an MHC-independent manner [ 63 ], and exerting lytic activity and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.…”