Influence of chemical composition, prior deformation and prolonged thermal aging on the sensitization characteristics of austenitic stainless steels

Parvathavarthini, N.; Dayal, R. K.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(02)00915-7

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…13) This alteration in grain size has a major influence on the intergranular corrosion (IGC) due to sensitization. In sensitization phenomena, the steel is subjected to slow heating or cooling in the temperature range of 723-1 123 K [14][15][16] which extracts chromium from the grains and forms chromium carbide (Cr23C6) at grain boundaries, leaving a Cr-depleted zone extending adjacent to either side of grain boundaries. Taiwade et al 17) recently published electrochemical data on sensitization behaviour of Cr-Mn ASS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

et al. 2013

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The use of chrome-manganese stainless steels (Cr-Mn SSs) of 200-series grade has tremendously increased in past few years in various applications like construction, home accessories, office appliances, light poles etc. Their mechanical properties, weldability and corrosion/oxidation resistance provide the best all-round performance stainless steels at relatively low cost. Therefore, they serve as an appropriate alternative to 300-series stainless steels now days. Similar to 300-series steels, Cr-Mn SSs are also submitted to various fabrication practices like welding, hot rolling, cold working, solution annealing or stress relieving processes. This leads to change in their grain size due to higher operating temperature during service. The grain size has a major influence on the intergranular corrosion (IGC) developed due to sensitization phenomena. Several investigations have been made on the influence of grain size on IGC behaviour of 300-series stainless steels, but this information about Cr-Mn SS is scanty till now. Therefore, in this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of grain growth on degree of sensitization (DOS) of Cr-Mn SS and finally concluded that the DOS decreases with increase in grain size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

et al. 2013

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“…The M 23 C 6 , v, and r phases are common precipitates that have been found in various austenitic stainless steels including 316LN. [10,11,13,14,[20][21][22][23] The calculated results indicate that 0.01 wt pct C is close to the solubility limit of M 23 C 6 . Therefore, it is conceivable that the M 23 C 6 will not form in the materials if the aging time is not sufficiently long.…”

Section: A Phase Diagram Of Equilibrium Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the nature of the materials and the precipitating elements found in prior works, [10,12,14,15,22,24,25] it is expected that the elemental distributions of iron and chromium will be the most likely to be sensitive to the changes in localized chemistry. The as-received steels show a homogeneous chemistry and dispersion of nonmetallic inclusions in the grains.…”

Section: B Chemical Analysis Of the Precipitatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the precipitates in the heat-treated 316LN steel are generally fine, the traditional method of identification involves either transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction of extracted residues [10][11][12][13][14][15] that involve complicated samples preparation steps. More recent improvements in the special resolution in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have made it possible to characterize fine scale features that were once detectable only by TEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Submicron Grain Boundary Precipitates in Ultralow Carbon 316LN Steels

Downey

Han

Kalu

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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This article reports our efforts in characterization of an ultralow carbon 316LN-type stainless steel. The carbon content in the material is one-third that in a conventional 316LN, which further inhibits the formation of grain boundary carbides and therefore sensitizations. Our primary effort is focused on characterization of submicron size precipitates in the materials with the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique complemented by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Thermodynamic calculations suggested that several precipitates, such as M 23 C 6 , Chi, Sigma, and Cr 2 N, can form in a low carbon 316LN. In the steels heat treated at 973 K (700°C) for 100 hours, a combination of EBSD and AES conclusively identified the grain boundary precipitates ( ‡100 nm) as Cr 2 N, which has a hexagonal closed-packed crystallographic structure. Increases of the nitrogen content promote formation of large size Cr 2 N precipitates. Therefore, prolonged heat treatment at relatively high temperatures of ultralow carbon 316LN steels may result in a sensitization.

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“…9,10) Generally, welding process is essential to use the austenitic stainless steel in various industries, and it is widely known that welded austenitic stainless steels can develop a sensitized zone which consists of carbide precipitation (M 23 C 6 ) at grain boundaries and chromium depletion in the vicinity of grain boundaries. [11][12][13][14] Recently, we found that the sensitized SUS304 stainless steel exhibits an isothermal martensitic transformation at cryogenic temperatures. 15,16) However, its time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram, which is one of the most important information for isothermal transformations, has not been constructed yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal Martensitic Transformation in Sensitized SUS304 Austenitic Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperature

2009

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We have investigated martensitic transformation behavior in a sensitized SUS304 austenitic stainless steel to know the stability of the austenitic phase at cryogenic temperatures. We found that the sensitized specimen exhibits an isothermal martensitic transformation when the specimen is held in the temperature range between 60 and 260 K. The time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram corresponding to the formation of 0.5 vol% of 0 -martensite shows a double-C curve with two noses located at about 100 and 200 K. An in-situ optical microscope observation has revealed that the double C-curve is due to two different transformation sequences. That is, the upper part of the C-curve is attributed to the direct (fcc) ! 0 (bcc) martensitic transformation and the lower part of the C-curve is due to the successive (fcc) ! " 0 (hcp) ! 0 (bcc) martensitic transformation. The direct ! 0 transformation occurs in the vicinity of grain boundaries, while the successive ! " 0 ! 0 transformation occurs near the center of each grain. The reason for appearing two types of isothermal transformation sequence in the sensitized SUS304 stainless steel will be due to the difference in concentration by sensitization heat-treatment.

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Influence of chemical composition, prior deformation and prolonged thermal aging on the sensitization characteristics of austenitic stainless steels

Cited by 70 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

A Study of Submicron Grain Boundary Precipitates in Ultralow Carbon 316LN Steels

Isothermal Martensitic Transformation in Sensitized SUS304 Austenitic Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperature

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