Influence of cement type on resistance to organic acids

Dyer, Tom

doi:10.1680/jmacr.16.00271

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In such cases, greater resistance in the form of improved acid neutralization capacity is likely to be offset to some extent by the slower progress of neutralization. This effect has been observed experimentally in previous research examining the exposure of hardened calcium aluminate cement paste to the very weak acid, catechol [19]. The development of a deteriorated layer progresses at a rate comparable to that of much stronger acids (such as tartaric acid).…”

Section: Time Dayssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The position adopted in this paper is that the most important parameter obtained from the micro-CT images is the cross-sectional area of the inner core. The reason for this has been stated in detail elsewhere [19], but, in summary, the largest loss in strength occurs during the formation of the outer core due to the dissolution of portlandite, leaving large pores in the remaining C-S-H matrix [2]. Thus, in the context of acid resistance, retention of cross-sectional area of the inner core is of greatest importance.…”

Section: Micro-ct Scansmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The next cell contained 467 mg of water, a length of 0.1mm, and contained the same concentration of acid. This cell was used as a zone around the surface of the cement paste specimen in which salts could potentially precipitate against the specimen surface [19]. The reason for employing this approach was to differentiate between precipitation of salts some distance away from the specimen surface, and precipitation directly against the surface.…”

Section: Geochemical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of cement type on resistance to attack from two carboxylic acids

Dyer

2017

Cement and Concrete Composites

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In a number of circumstances, concrete may be required to possess resistance to organic acids. These are frequently carboxylic acids. This paper examines the effect of two such acids-acetic and butyric-on hardened cement paste specimens made from three cement types-Portland cement (PC), a combination of PC and fly ash (PC/FA), and a calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA). Specimens were exposed to solutions of the acids and deterioration characterized in terms of mass loss and pH measurements, micro-CT scanning, and chemical and mineralogical analysis. Additionally geochemical modelling was used to further examine the mechanisms involved during acid attack. The CSA cement was most resistant to attack, with the PC paste displaying the least resistance. This resistance has been partly attributed to the higher acid neutralization capacity of CSA cement. However, this paper demonstrates that the enhanced performance is most probably the result of a denser microstructure.

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Section: Time Dayssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Micro-ct Scansmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Geochemical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of cement type on resistance to attack from two carboxylic acids

Dyer

2017

Cement and Concrete Composites

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“…The acidity level affects how intense an acid attack is, and concrete’s significant damage occurs when the pH value of the acid solution is lower than 4.5 [ 84 ]. The three deterioration mechanisms of acidolysis, complexolysis, and decalcification were used to describe how acid solutions cause concrete to deteriorate [ 85 ]. The severity of an acid attack [ 86 , 87 ] is conditioned by several variables, such as concrete permeability, cement alkalinity, the content of calcium hydroxide in the cement matrix, the pH values or concentrations of acid solutions, and the solubility of formed salts.…”

Section: Acid Resistance Of Concrete Enhanced With Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Elucidative Review of the Nanomaterial Effect on the Durability and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) Gel Development of Concrete

Al-saffar,

Wong,

Paul

2023

Gels

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Concrete as a building material is susceptible to degradation by environmental threats such as thermal diffusion, acid and sulphate infiltration, and chloride penetration. Hence, the inclusion of nanomaterials in concrete has a positive effect in terms of promoting its mechanical strength and durability performance, as well as resulting in energy savings due to reduced cement consumption in concrete production. This review article discussed the novel advances in research regarding C-S-H gel promotion and concrete durability improvement using nanomaterials. Basically, this review deals with topics relevant to the influence of nanomaterials on concrete’s resistance to heat, acid, sulphate, chlorides, and wear deterioration, as well as the impact on concrete microstructure and chemical bonding. The significance of this review is a critical discussion on the cementation mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing durability properties owing to their nanofiller effect, pozzolanic reactivity, and nucleation effect. The utilization of nanoparticles enhanced the hydrolysis of cement, leading to a rise in the production of C-S-H gel. Consequently, this improvement in concrete microstructure led to a reduction in the number of capillary pores and pore connectivity, thereby improving the concrete’s water resistance. Microstructural and chemical evidence obtained using SEM and XRD indicated that nanomaterials facilitated the formation of cement gel either by reacting pozzolanically with portlandite to generate more C-S-H gel or by functioning as nucleation sites. Due to an increased rate of C-S-H gel formation, concrete enhanced with nanoparticles exhibited greater durability against heat damage, external attack by acids and sulphates, chloride diffusion, and surface abrasion. The durability improvement following nanomaterial incorporation into concrete can be summarised as enhanced residual mechanical strength, reduced concrete mass loss, reduced diffusion coefficients for thermal and chloride, improved performance against sulphates and acid attack, and increased surface resistance to abrasion.

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“…Using pozzolanic and cementitious by-products as cement replacement materials could reduce waste generation and increase concrete mixture's workability, physical, and mechanical, and durability properties. Previous research has shown that using a pozzolanic binder such as blended cement can increase the resistance to deterioration in organic acid environments (Bertron et al, 2005;Dyer, 2017). Indicated that using a pozzolanic binder such as blended cement can increase the resistance to deterioration in organic acid environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Properties of Blended and High Volume Fly Ash Bottom Ash (FABA) Concrete in Peat Water

Olivia

Kamaldi

Ismeddiyanto

et al. 2022

jcef

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FABA is a by-product of coal combustion in power plants comprising fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) in ratios of 80/20. Fly ash has great potential as a mineral ingredient in concrete, while bottom ash compromises its strength and durability. However, both materials are used to improve the strength and durability of structures in sulfate, chloride, and acidic environments. This research evaluated the properties of blended and high-volume FABA concrete, such as the strength, porosity, weight loss, and sorptivity in organic acidic peat water. OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) was compared to the blended concrete containing 25% FABA and its high-volume containing 50% and 75% FABA with target strengths of 15, 21, and 29 MPa. The compressive strength of blended and high volume FABA increased during the immersion period, while the porosity and sorptivity rates decreased. Furthermore, the strength of the OPC concrete declined at 28 days, with a gradual marginal weight loss of 5% observed in all mixes. This research suggested that blended and high-volume FABA has potential as a construction material in an acidic peatland environment.

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Influence of cement type on resistance to organic acids

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Influence of cement type on resistance to attack from two carboxylic acids

Influence of cement type on resistance to attack from two carboxylic acids

An Elucidative Review of the Nanomaterial Effect on the Durability and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) Gel Development of Concrete

Evaluating Properties of Blended and High Volume Fly Ash Bottom Ash (FABA) Concrete in Peat Water

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