Influence of CdS Thin Films Growth Related with the Substrate Properties and Conditions Used on CBD Technique

Obtention of solar cell parameters, through convergence of iterative cycles. Part 1: Theoretical analysis and cycles proposal

“…These simulations were done on the [0 V, 1 V] range, using the same C program reported in [2] . Laboratory fabricated solar cells usually function in this voltage range [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . Briefly, the C program solved equation 1 in [2] within an accuracy of 10 −15 A for each voltage.…”

“…For simplicity purposes and to facilitate comparison with the deduced solar parameters, all simulation parameters (except n ) were chosen as power of 10, i.e., the simulation parameters were , , mA and μA. Both and are three orders of magnitude larger than and , respectively, which is usually the case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . The value of n was chosen , which is a value in the range of 2 to 3, which is also the usual case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ,…”

“…Both and are three orders of magnitude larger than and , respectively, which is usually the case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . The value of n was chosen , which is a value in the range of 2 to 3, which is also the usual case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . Values of of 11, 21, 51 and 101 were tested, to obtain the optimal …”

Effect of annealing treatment on CdS/CIGS thin film solar cells depending on different CdS deposition temperatures

“…The highest efficiencies for thin film solar cells based on a Cu (In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) need a buffer layer [5]. The buffer layers on CIGS absorbers are used to enhance the lattice match between the absorber and the window; the layers preserve the CIGS surface from ion loss during ZnO/ZnO:Al sputtering [6].…”

Optical and Structural Characterization of Cd-Free Buffer Layers Fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition

“…Various deposition methods have been reported for the fabrication of semiconductor thin films: (i) thermal evaporation [29,30], (ii) sputtering [31], (iii) atomic layer deposition [32], (iv) electrochemical [33], (v) chemical vapor deposition [34], and (vi) chemical bath deposition (CBD) [35][36][37]. Among the physical and chemical methods of thin film deposition, the CBD process is the most economic and technically suitable one (e.g., regarding lab equipment and temperature and pressure requirements) [38]. In the typical procedure, with a temperature below that of the boiling point of water and under atmospheric pressure, a source of metal and chalcogenide are mixed in a vessel.…”