Influence of cathodic protection and transmission‐line proximity on oil‐flow electrification

Metwally, I.A.

doi:10.1002/etep.4450100407

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The voltage is due to any phase imbalance in the lines owing to unequal distances between each phase conductor and the pipeline. This coupling increases with: (1) rising operating currents in the overhead lines, (2) increasing quality of the coating on the pipeline, and (3) increasing the length of line parallel to and close to the AC transmission lines [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There are three types of electromagnetic couplings between AC transmission systems and pipelines; namely, (a) electrostatic or capacitive, (b) resistive or ohmic, and (c) magnetic or inductive [1][2][3][4]. The 'electrostatic or capacitive' coupling occurs in the immediate vicinity of the overhead power lines when the pipe is laid on a foundation that is well insulated from the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As a consequence, produced voltages in the pipelines can be caused by [1][2][3][4]: (a) an imbalance in the transmission system, (b) high voltages near transmission tower grounding systems resulting from lightning strikes, and (c) phase faults. Under power frequency operation, a long-term induced AC voltage exists on a pipeline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of the produced voltages in AC overhead power-lines/pipelines parallelism during power frequency and lightning conditions

Metwally

Heidler

2005

Euro. Trans. Electr. Power

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SUMMARYThis paper presents a theoretical simulation for a pipeline running in parallel to AC overhead power lines using the 'CONCEPT II' package. This package is based on the method of moment combined with a transmission-line model. A 1 km long, 132 kV, three-phase, double-circuit transmission line, and a 2 km long, 40 cm diameter, 1 m high above-ground pipeline are modelled. Extra shielding wires (ESW) under the phase conductors are investigated. Produced voltages in the pipeline are computed under steady-state power frequency (50 Hz) as well as under direct and indirect lightning strikes to the power line. Different current waveforms are simulated to cover the whole range of those of the anticipated lightning. Under lightning strikes, the voltages across line insulators are computed, too. The results reveal that the ESW give many advantages; namely, (1) reducing the power-frequency electric and magnetic fields at the ground level to meet the regularity limits, (2) improving the shielding effectiveness during lightning strikes by reducing the insulator voltages, (3) mitigating the induced voltages in any metallic structure near the power lines, e.g., pipelines, and (4) using them as optical ground wires for telecommunication purposes, where the probability of lightning strikes to such ESW is much lower than that for the normally used grounding wire(s) at the tower top.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Mitigation of the produced voltages in AC overhead power-lines/pipelines parallelism during power frequency and lightning conditions

Metwally

Heidler

2005

Euro. Trans. Electr. Power

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“…The oil is circulated by the pump (1), which can be operated at different flow rates, and the flow is controlled by the flow metre (2) at the downstream of the pump. The heat exchanger (3,4) is attached to a thermostatic device, which controls the oil temperature between 5 and 90°C. Oil temperature is measured at the inlet of the sensor (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of electrical double layer under oil flow and voltage application inside a capacitive sensor

Metwally

LeBlanc

Paillat

2015

IET Science, Measurement & Technology

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This study presents an experimental investigation of the behaviour of electrical double layer (EDL) under oil flow and voltage application inside a capacitive sensor. This sensor is incorporated in a closed-loop filled with fresh transformer oil. The sensor configuration allows a potential application for risk assessment. The behaviour of EDL is investigated by recording the streaming and the capacitive current waveforms for grounded and energised middle copper-electrode cases and at different oil-flow velocities and temperatures. The effect of direct and alternating voltage energisation is examined for different wave shapes and frequencies. In addition, the physicochemical reaction coefficient, the wall space-charge density and the accumulated charges inside the sensor are calculated by the static and the dynamic methods. The results are interpreted in terms of EDL evolution, physicochemical reaction at the solid-liquid interface, relaxation time of charges and electron emission from the negatively energised electrode. The results reveal that the calculated wall space-charge density slightly decreases with the increase in the oil-flow velocity, contrary to the physicochemical reaction coefficient. For the case of AC energisation, the results show that there is an innocuous effect of the generated harmonic voltages on the oil-flow electrification phenomenon.

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“…The rapid development of petroleum, electric power, and transportation industries leads to the proximity of buried pipelines and overhead high voltage alternating current (HVAC) power lines. This common situation of shared corridor can result in alternating current (AC) interference on pipelines by inductive coupling, conductive coupling, and capacitive coupling during normal (steady state) and fault operations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on location of reference electrode for measurement of induced alternating current voltage on pipeline

Tang

et al. 2013

Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst.

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Summary Alternating current (AC) interference on pipelines derived from adjacent overhead AC power transmission systems can lead to severe AC corrosion, which will result in the perforation and leakage of buried pipelines and thus has attracted more and more attention to extensive research. Induced AC voltage is one of the important factors for AC corrosion risk assessment, and it has been generally accepted that the induced AC voltage of pipelines to remote earth is the driving force for AC corrosion. However, during the field measurement of induced AC voltage, it is not quite a simple task to determine the ‘true’ position of remote earth for diversified testing conditions. In this work, the effects of multiple contributing factors on the electric field distribution of AC interference are investigated, which include unbalanced current, soil resistivity, coating resistivity, pipeline‐to‐power line distance, and the length of mitigation wire. Furthermore, logically suitable locations for ‘remote earth’ in different scenarios have been suggested with the help of numerical simulation, which can be referenced to improve the measuring accuracy of induced AC voltage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Influence of cathodic protection and transmission‐line proximity on oil‐flow electrification

Abstract: Two reduced-scale closed oil cycles are used to investigate the influence of both the cathodic protection of a pipeline and its proximity to AC power transmission lines on the oil-flow electrification (OFE)

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Mitigation of the produced voltages in AC overhead power-lines/pipelines parallelism during power frequency and lightning conditions

Mitigation of the produced voltages in AC overhead power-lines/pipelines parallelism during power frequency and lightning conditions

Behaviour of electrical double layer under oil flow and voltage application inside a capacitive sensor

Study on location of reference electrode for measurement of induced alternating current voltage on pipeline

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