Influence of carbonation on “maximum phenomenon” in surface layer of specimens subjected to cyclic drying-wetting condition

Chang, Honglei; Mu, Song; Pan, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.10.005

Cited by 58 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…While an interesting phenomenon is observed in Figure 8b,c, chloride peaks appear in the surface part of some chloride profiles, which has been also found in numerous studies [39][40][41][42]. According to the research of Ye [43], Joško [44], and Chang [37,45], the effects of both capillary suction-moisture evaporation and carbonation during wetting and drying cycles dominate the formation of chloride peaks. The marine atmosphere zone is also a cyclic wetting-drying environment (rainwater or high humidity air make specimens wet, and sunshine or low humidity air makes them dry).…”

Section: Atmosphere Zone (1) Chloride Distributionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…On the other hand, the three mixes are all of a good carbonation resistance, inferring that the carbonation degree will be very low under the atmospheric environment. The results of the studies [25,37] showed that the carbonation resistance of concrete enhanced with the water-to-binder ratio reducing. Several studies [24,25,31,38] found that the carbonation property of concrete was closely related to the compactness of the matrix, and the denser the concrete, the stronger the carbonation resistance.…”

Section: Basic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability and Aesthetics of Architectural Concrete under Chloride Attack or Carbonation

et al. 2020

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Architectural concrete has been wildly used nowadays, and those served in an offshore environment often suffer from chloride penetration and carbonation. To assess the protection and decoration performances of architectural concrete, this study exposed architectural concrete to actual marine environments and accelerated carbonation conditions. The chloride and carbonation resistance of architectural concrete was determined to evaluate the protection performance, and the corresponding surface-color-consistency was adopted to characterize its decoration performance. The results show that the total and free chloride of concrete in the marine atmosphere zone and the tidal zone generally decreases with depth; chloride content arguments significantly with exposure time, with a chloride maximum peak near the surface. Moreover, the chloride diffusion coefficient is small throughout the measurements, indicating the superior chloride resistance of architectural concrete. Furthermore, architectural concrete also possesses excellent carbonation resistance based on the carbonation depth data obtained from the carbonation experiment. Therefore, architecture concrete served as protection covers can withstand both the chloride attack and carbonation tested in this paper. In addition, carbonation was found to have a profound influence on the aesthetics of architectural concrete. Therefore, carbonation should be carefully handled for better maintaining the aesthetic appearance of architectural concrete in long-term service.

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Section: Atmosphere Zone (1) Chloride Distributionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Basic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and Aesthetics of Architectural Concrete under Chloride Attack or Carbonation

et al. 2020

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“…Although concrete undergoes a self-healing process, it can be almost ignored compared with carbonation-triggered corrosion, especially in marine environments [22,23]. Carbonation has always been reported to decrease chloride ion binding ability with concrete, which reaches a maximum on the concrete surface [24,25,26]. Chang [27,28] reported on carbonation-induced water release in a whole specimen, which has attracted attention worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Moisture Content on Electromagnetic Response of Concrete Studied Using a Homemade Apparatus

Jin

Shao

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In this study, we examined the influence of moisture content on the electromagnetic response of concrete. A novel homemade electromagnetic monitoring apparatus was developed and used to evaluate the Hall effect voltage at both ends of concrete based on our previous study of the Hall effect. We used four different concrete mix water/binder ratios: 0.30, 0.28, 0.26, and 0.24, and three conditions (relative humidity, carbonation, and water absorption) were examined in this experiment. The results show that the moisture content inside concrete influences the relative permeability of concrete. The variation in the Hall effect voltage is more influenced by carbonation than changes in relative humidity; water absorption increases the Hall effect voltage the least amongst the other examined factors. According to the experiment, a calibration system was established, and the relevant correction factors are provided.

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“…With the development of modern society and technology, more and more huge reinforced concrete (RC) structures have been built in China [1][2][3], such as Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau (HZM) bridge (49.968 km long, in service), Hangzhou Bay bridge (36 km long, in service) and Jiaozhou Bay bridge (36.48 km long, in service). As reinforced concrete sea-crossing bridges service in marine environments, chloride ions penetrate the concrete cover and result in the corrosion of the reinforced bars, thereby causing serious damage to the bridge structures [4][5][6][7][8]. Many problems caused by the corrosion of reinforced bars have been reported all over the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete in a Sea-Crossing Railway Bridge in Jiaozhou Bay: A Case Study

Jin

Zhao

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Reinforced bar corrosion induced by chloride ingression is one of the most significant threats to the durability of concrete structures in marine environments. The concrete cover thickness, compressive strength, chloride diffusion coefficient, and surface defects of reinforced concrete in the Jiaozhou Bay sea-crossing railway bridge were measured. The temperature and relative humidity in the concrete and the loading applied onto the reinforced concrete were monitored. Based on the DuraCrete model, a revised model for the service life prediction of concrete structures was established, considering the effects of temperature and loading on the chloride diffusion coefficient. Further, the reliability indexes of the reinforced concrete box girder, pier, and platform, located in the marine and land sections, in relation to service lives lasting various numbers of years, were calculated. The measured and calculated results show that the mean cover thicknesses of concrete piers in the marine and land sections are 52 mm and 36 mm, respectively, and the corresponding standard deviations are 5.21 mm and 3.18 mm, respectively. The mean compressive strengths of concrete in the marine and land sections are 56 MPa and 46 MPa, respectively. The corresponding standard deviations are 2.45 MPa and 2.67 MPa, respectively. The reliability indexes of the reinforced concrete box girder and platform in the marine section, under the condition of a service life of 100 years, are 1.81 and 1.76, respectively. When the corrosion-resistant reinforced bar was used in the pier structure in the marine section, its reliability index increased to 2.01. Furthermore, the reliability index of the reinforced concrete damaged by salt fog in the land section was 1.71. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3570 2 of 18 in particular, those exposed to marine environments, has been recognized as an effective means to ensure the service life of concrete structures, which has been a focus of researchers and engineers all over the world [11][12][13].Service life prediction modeling has become one of the current major issues in the design of concrete structures. Using the third-moment method, Zhang [14] developed a time-dependent probability assessment for chloride-induced corrosion of RC structures. In order to provide corrective parameters for service life prediction, Li [15] investigated the time-dependent chloride penetration into concrete in marine environments. Considering the effect of the materials' heterogeneity when exposed to a marine tidal zone, Wang [16] developed a service life prediction model. Attari and Mcnally [17] explored a probabilistic assessment of the influence of the age factor on the service life prediction using concrete with limestone cement/ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) binders. Yu [18,19] developed a service life prediction model considering freeze-thaw fatigue, taking into account fly ash and slag. Hackl and Kohler [20] developed a reliability assessment which uses the coupled effect of corrosion initiation and progression to represent th...

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Influence of carbonation on “maximum phenomenon” in surface layer of specimens subjected to cyclic drying-wetting condition

Cited by 58 publications

References 53 publications

Durability and Aesthetics of Architectural Concrete under Chloride Attack or Carbonation

Durability and Aesthetics of Architectural Concrete under Chloride Attack or Carbonation

Influence of Moisture Content on Electromagnetic Response of Concrete Studied Using a Homemade Apparatus

Service Life Prediction of Reinforced Concrete in a Sea-Crossing Railway Bridge in Jiaozhou Bay: A Case Study

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