“…Early works on molten sodium–sulfur batteries between 300 and 350 °C showed that the edge interface on the BASE between the conducting (electrolyte area wetted by sodium) and the non-conducting area were susceptible to mechanical stress. The difference in pressure prompted pitting, electrolyte dissolution, or dendrite growth, which all contributed to the eventual cell failure. − To reduce the edge state on the BASE, uniform and intimate wetting over the entire BASE area became a standing goal for interface engineering in sodium batteries to increase cell longevity. , Likewise, for molten sodium batteries operating at intermediate temperatures (150 to 200 °C) and low temperatures (100 to 150 °C), good Na wettability is critical for successful battery operations including lower over potential, high capacity, long/stable cycle life, and so forth. − In addition to heat treatment that removes adverse surface absorbents such as moisture, , a variety of chemical modification has been applied to spread molten sodium evenly onto the BASE surface, including lead, ,, tin, − bismuth, platinum, iron oxide, and various carbon derivatives, ,− such as sparked reduced graphene oxide …”