Influence of Calcium Silicate on Growth, Physiological Parameters and Mineral Nutrition in Two Legume Species Under Salt Stress

Abstract

Cowpea and kidney bean plants were grown in a hydroponic system, and the effect of calcium silicate supplied to the nutrient solution under salt stress was investigated. The plants were subjected to four different treatments: (1) nutrient solution alone (C), (2) nutrient solution + 40 mmol l )1 NaCl (NaCl), (3) nutrient solution + 40 mmol l )1 NaCl + 0.5 mmol l )1 CaSiO 3 (NaCl + Si 1 ) and (4) nutrient solution + 40 mmol l )1 NaCl+1 mmol l )1 CaSiO 3 (NaCl + Si 2 ). The results showed that, in both species, salinity reduced all growth variables but silicate supplementation however partly overcame this growth reduction. Addition of silicate in NaCl-stressed plants maintained membrane permeability. Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher in plants under control treatment, and the inclusion of silicate in the nutrient solution resulted in a slight increase in these plant parameters. Intercellular CO 2 was slightly higher in plants under silicate treatment than in plants under control or NaCl treatment. Calcium concentration in shoots and roots in both species was slightly higher in the treatments where silicate was added. Potassium concentration for salt treatment was reduced in shoot and root of both species in the absence of silicate. Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and roots in both species were slightly higher in the presence of NaCl and were slightly reduced in the plants under silicate treatments. The results suggest that, in hydroponically grown plants, the inclusion of silicate in the nutrient solution is beneficial because it improves growth, physiological parameters and may contribute to a more balanced nutrition by enhancing nutrient uptake under NaCl-stressed conditions. Added calcium silicate may ameliorate the parameters affected by high salinity, may reduce sodium and chloride, and can slightly increase calcium and potassium concentrations in shoots and roots of salt-stressed cowpea and kidney bean.

Effect of Salinity Stress on Yield, Component Characters and Nutrient Compositions in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes

“…K and Ca had more important roles than Mg for seed yield improving in saline environment. The importance of shoot ions including Ca and K than Na for seed yield improving of Brassica species were emphasized in the other studies (Volkamar, 1998;Munnus, 2002;Murillo-Amador et al, 2007). DSM12 had the highest amount of K and also its S/C ratio.…”

“…Although other shoot cation concentrations were decreased at high salinity level, Cl concentration was increased (Table 3). In previous studies (Volkamar, 1998;Munnus, 2002;Murillo-Amador et al, 2007) it was concluded that in response to salinity stress, endogenous Na concentration increased in the various Brassica genotypes whereas K concentration decreased.…”

“…Saline soils and saline irrigation waters present potential hazards to canola production. Calcium (Ca) and K ameliorate the adverse effects of salinity on plants (Volkamar, 1998;Murillo-Amador et al, 2007;Munnus, 2002). Salinity impairs the uptake of Ca by plants, possibly by displacing it from the cell membrane or in some way affecting membrane functions (Rameeh et al, 2004;Mandhania et al, 2010).…”

Effect of silicon on growth and salinity stress of soybean plant grown under hydroponic system

“…It seems that Si alleviates salinity induced stress on growth of soybean by improving photosynthesis and transpiration rates, as drastic decline in photosynthesis and transpiration was caused by salt stress in cowpea, kidney bean(Murillo- Amador et al 2007) and bush bean…”

Ameliorative effects of potassium nutrition on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under NaCl stress

“…Furthermore, salinity-induced reduction in water and K + uptake by plants usually interfered with cell division and/or extension because of reduced turgor, leading to reduced plant growth and development (Ashraf et al, 2008). Addition of plant mineral nutrients through soil or foliar spray could provide protective mechanisms against salinity stress (Kaya et al, 2007;Murillo-Amador et al, 2007;Ashraf et al, 2012;Ashraf et al, 2015b). It was found that application of additional K (K 50 and K 100 ) to salt-stressed medium (NaCl 100 and NaCl 180 ) reduced the uptake of Na These findings were contradicted to earlier research which reported that higher K application in saline environment hastened the deleterious impacts of salinity on plant growth causing severe decline in plant growth and development in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under salt stress (Jafari et al, 2009).…”