Influence of Calcium Hydroxide and Sulfur on 2,4-D Degradation in Soil

Smith, A. E.

doi:10.1097/00010694-197201000-00007

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The samples were centrifuged at 1800xg for 15 min and 10 ml aliquots of supernatant were removed from each sample tube for herbicide quantification. Herbicide remaining in the 10 ml aliquots was extracted, methylated, and quantified by a method similar to that used by Smith (1972). The 10 ml aliquots were acidified with 1 N HCl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo methods have indicated that 24 hours following the oral administration of 2,4-D-14C, the majority of the activity had passed through the blood; and by the end of 28 hours post treatment, 90% of the 2,4-D-14 C was recovered from sheep urine (Clark et al 1964). However, previous investigations with microorganisms common in soils have shown that degradation of 2,4-D by microorganisms is preceded by a lag phase lasting up to 6 days during which the herbicide is not appreciably degraded (Smith, 1972;Audus, 1964). This lag phase was followed by a period of rapid substrate disappearance.…”

Section: In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 95%

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Influence of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on in vitro Digestion of Forage Samples

Owith¹

1973

Journal of Range Management

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Influence of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on I n Vitro Digestion of Forage Sal A. E. SMITH Highlight: The influence of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] on in vitro digestion of dried ground corn silage (Zea mays L.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) foliage was determined using a modification of the Tilley and Terry method for determining in vitro dry matter digestibility of forage plants. Neither herbicide influenced the digestion of plant samples when treated with a herbicide concentration range of 10-to 1 0-4 M. Solutions containing I 0-4 M of either herbicide did not influence the growth of microbial populations in incubated rumen liquor. The influence of rumen microorganisms on degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,S-T was also investigated. Samples containing sucrose or plant material, buffered rumen liquor, and I0-4 M concentrations of either herbicide were incubated for 10 day periods. Data from periodic quantification of herbicide remaining in the samples indicated that neither herbicide used in these experiments was degraded by the rumen microorganisms. Results indicate that: (1) 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T do not alter the rumen microbial functions or development and (2) these herbicides are not readily degraded in the rumen by the rumen microorganisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on in vitro Digestion of Forage Samples

Owith¹

1973

Journal of Range Management

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“…Equally important is the influence of the soil-borne microorganisms on the soil-applied herbicide. Of all organic pesticides applied to the soil, herbicides appear to be most susceptible to microbial attack and numerous researchers have studied their decomposition in relation to duration of toxicity (Akamine, 1951;Corbin and Upchurch, 1967;Ercegovich and Frear, 1964;Kearney and Kaufman, 1969;and Smith, 1972). Several fungi are able to degrade herbicides and in some cases the population of these organisms in the soil has been increased by the application of certain herbicides (Kaiser, Pochon, and Cassini, 1970;Kaufman, Kearney, and Sheets, 1963;and Kaufman and Kearney, 1970).…”

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confidence: 99%

Degradation of Alachlor by Rhizoctonia solani¹

Smith¹,

Phillips²

1975

Agronomy Journal

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The direct effects of herbicides on fungi are reported to include: inhibition, stimulation, or no effect as determinated by growth, sporulation, spore germination, and pathogenicity. Also, certain fungi have been found to rapidly degrade herbicides present in the ecosystem. Research was conducted to determine the influence of 2‐chloro‐2′,2′‐diethyl‐N‐(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor) on the growth and development of Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn, and to quantify the rate of alachlor degradation by R. solani in nutrient media containing differing concentrations of sucrose. Alachlor did not influence sugar utilization or growth of R. solani. Fungal growth and degree of alachlor degradation were proportional to the amount of sugar in the media. Apparently R. solani does not utilize alachlor as a sole carbon source and degradation of this herbicide is dependent on the presence of some other source of carbon.

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Effect of pH on the degradation of atrazine, dichlorprop, linuron and propyzamide in soil

Hance

1979

Pestic. Sci.

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The rates of disappearance of atrazine, dichlorprop, linuron and propyzamide were measured in two soils incubated at 22°C and 80 %water holding capacity. Observations were made at four pH levels in each soil. Atrazine degradation was relatively insensitive to pH; it increased slightly with increasing pH in one soil and decreased in the other. The other compounds all degraded more slowly at low pH in both soils although dichlorprop had essentially disappeared in 14 days under all conditions, so that the effect of pH is not unlikely to be of practical interest. The ratios of the degradation rates of atrazine, linuron, and propyzamide varied with the soil and the pH.

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Influence of Calcium Hydroxide and Sulfur on 2,4-D Degradation in Soil

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on in vitro Digestion of Forage Samples

Influence of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on in vitro Digestion of Forage Samples

Degradation of Alachlor by Rhizoctonia solani¹

Effect of pH on the degradation of atrazine, dichlorprop, linuron and propyzamide in soil

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Influence of Calcium Hydroxide and Sulfur on 2,4-D Degradation in Soil

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on in vitro Digestion of Forage Samples

Influence of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on in vitro Digestion of Forage Samples

Degradation of Alachlor by Rhizoctonia solani1

Effect of pH on the degradation of atrazine, dichlorprop, linuron and propyzamide in soil

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Degradation of Alachlor by Rhizoctonia solani¹