Influence of Cage Density and Prior Dietary Phosphorus Level on Phosphorus Requirement of Commercial Leghorns

Sohail, S. S.; Bryant, M. M.; Rao, S. K.; Roland, D. A.

doi:10.1093/ps/80.6.769

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Data of external egg quality i.e., egg weight, specific gravity, egg shape index, shell weight and shell percentage recorded insignificant differences among the experimental groups. These reports are also agree with Sohail et al, (2001) showed that there were no significant effects of the different densities on egg quality traits in chicken such as egg weight, specific gravity, shell weight, shell percent at 81 weeks of age. Results from quails stocked at 140 cm 2 /bird recorded significantly (P≤0.05) high values of shell thickness, followed by those stocked at170, 200 and 233cm 2 /bird respectively.…”

Section: Hormonal Assays and Immunological Responsesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The decrease of performance due to increasing stoking density may be a result of physiological stress Hester et al, (1996 a, b). In this regard, Roush and Cravener (1990), Carey and Kuo (1995), Hashemi and Pourreza (1998), Sohail et al, (2001) and Özbey et al, (2004) found that the increase of cage density resulted in a significant reduction in egg production and egg mass. Also Anderson et al, (1995) and Gharib et al, (2005) showed that increased bird cage density resulted in a significant decreased in egg mass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Stocking Density Effects on Performance and Physiological Changes of Laying Japanese Quail

Shafei

Azeem

Abdullaha

2012

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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The current study was conducted to examine the effects of different cage stocking densities and sex on performance and physiological changes of laying Japanese quail reared under hot climate region for a period of 11 weeks (10 to 21 weeks of age). A total number of 600 Japanese quails (400 females and 200 males) at 10 weeks old were randomly distributed in a randomized block design with 4 treatments (71, 59, 50 and 43 quail per cage) or (140, 170, 200 and 233 cm 2 / bird) respectively. Each treatment group was represented by 3 replicates. During the experimental period all birds received 16 hrs of light and 8 hrs of dark. Results indicated that quails kept at low stocking density (233cm 2 / bird) recorded significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher live body weight, egg production, egg mass, feed intake, protein and energy intakes compared with quails kept at other stocking densities. Further, egg weight was not significantly affected by the experimental treatments. However, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate were progressively reduced (P≤ 0.05) with decreasing stocking density. There were significant reductions in plasma total protein fractions by lowering stocking density. Whereas, a significant increase in total lipids, cholesterol, ALT, plasma total calcium and phosphorous with increasing stocking density. While, insignificant differences were observed for HDL, LDL and AST. The results clearly indicated that decreasing stocking density was significantly (P≤ 0.05) decreased corticosterone level. While, IGg increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) due to decreasing stocking density, thus leading to increased susceptibility to resistance of infections. Other physiological traits (i.e., respiration rate, cloacal temperature, skin temperature and heart pulse rate) recorded higher values for quails kept at high stocking density (140cm 2 / bird) compared with those stocked at low stocking densities. On the other hands, sex had no effect on these traits. Traits of egg quality showed insignificant differences for the most, except for yolk index, shell thickness, yolk color and eggs with blood or meat spots. Also, insignificant differences were observed for all carcass characteristics except for live body weight, blood weight and carcass weight percentages. In conclusion based on the obtained results it could be concluded that egg production percentage, egg mass and immunological response improved as the cage space per quail increased. Therefore, it can be recommended that in order to minimize physiological stress in the cages of laying Japanese quail should raised at a density of 233 cm 2 /bird to exhibited superior performance and lowering mortality rate.

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Section: Hormonal Assays and Immunological Responsesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stocking Density Effects on Performance and Physiological Changes of Laying Japanese Quail

Shafei

Azeem

Abdullaha

2012

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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“…Keshavarz (2000) fed layers with 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40% avP and did not detect any differences in P excretion or blood P content. These observations suggest the the lowest avP level used in the present study (0.25 %) did not cause any problems because this level is not much lower than the recommendations and because the higher feed intake resulted in higher P intake, differently from the findings of Sohail et al (2001).…”

Section: Blood and Feces Calcium And Phosphorus Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 45%

Calcium and available phosphorus levels for laying hens in second production cycle

Pelícia

Garcia

Faitarone

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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This experiment studied the effect of four calcium (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5%) and four available phosphorus levels (0.25, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40%) in the diet of semi-heavy commercial layers after molting. Hisex Brown® layers between 90 and 108 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement with 16 treatments of five replicates of eight birds each. mortality, egg production, feed intake, egg mass, average egg weight, calcium and phosphorus intake, feed conversion ratio (per dozen eggs and per kg eggs), eggshell percentage and thickness, eggshell strength, eggshell weight per surface area (ESWSA), yolk percentage and color, albumen percentage, albumen and yolk heights, and blood and excreta calcium and phosphorus concentrations. There was no interaction (P>0.05) between dietary Ca and avP for any of the studied parameters. There were linear increases in Ca intake (P<0.01), eggshell percentage (P<0.05); ESWSA (P<0.05); yolk color (P<0.05); Ca concentration in the blood (P<0.05) and excreta (P<0.01) as dietary Ca level increased. The intake of avP linearly increased (P<0.01) with dietary avP levels. The remaining parameters were not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary Ca and avP levels. The diet containing 4.5% calcium improved feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs and eggshell quality. The lowest avP level fed (0.25%) is sufficient to maintain the performance and the egg quality of semi-heavy commercial layers after molting

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“…This increase in egg production averaged 15.9 number decreasing the space allowance from 2 000 cm 2 to 500 cm 2 per hen. Decreasing egg production was shown to be attributable to the reduced feeding area per hen, cannibalism (Hester and Wilson, 1986;Craig and Milliken, 1989;Lee and Moss, 1995;Süto et al, 1997;Sohail et al, 2001;Onbasilar and Aksoy, 2005;Jalal et al, 2006;Nicol et al, 2006) and stocking density (Adams and Craig, 1985). Anderson et al (2004) found out that the reduced cage stocking in Hy-Line W36 and Dekalb XL commercial layer genotypes decreased hen-day egg production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of space allowance on egg yield, egg quality and plumage condition of laying hens in battery cages

Sarıca¹,

Boga²,

Yamak³

2008

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cage stocking density on egg yield, some egg quality traits and plumage condition in laying hens. Eighteen weeks-old 264 ISA-Brown pullets were divided into four cage density groups. The densities were 2 000, 1 000, 667 and 500 cm 2 per hen (by allocating 1, 2, 3 and 4 hens per cage; floor area 40 × 50 cm) with 48, 30, 24 and 21 replicate cages, totally 123 three-tier battery cages. During the experimental period from 18 to 53 weeks of age, all birds were provided illumination for 16 hours a day. The hens were fed a diet containing 11.7 MJ ME/kg and 180 g CP during the period of 18 to 40 weeks of age and 11.3 MJ ME/kg and 170 g CP during the period of 41 to 54 weeks of age. Feed and water were available for ad libitum. Egg yield, mortality, live weights at 50% egg production age and at the end of experiment, pecking related mortalities, some egg quality traits and plumage condition were recorded weekly. Hen-housed egg production, egg mass, viability, and live weights were significantly decreased by higher densities. Most of the egg quality traits were not affected by cage densities. Pecking related mortalities increased in cage densities of 667 cm 2 and 500 cm 2 per hen compared to the other densities (P < 0.05) while plumage scores were higher in all body parts of hens kept in cages of 2 000 cm 2 and 1 000 cm 2 densities compared to the higher densities. The results showed that brown laying hens should be kept in cages having 1 000-2 000 cm 2 densities in order to improve their welfare and performance.

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Influence of Cage Density and Prior Dietary Phosphorus Level on Phosphorus Requirement of Commercial Leghorns

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Stocking Density Effects on Performance and Physiological Changes of Laying Japanese Quail

Stocking Density Effects on Performance and Physiological Changes of Laying Japanese Quail

Calcium and available phosphorus levels for laying hens in second production cycle

The effects of space allowance on egg yield, egg quality and plumage condition of laying hens in battery cages

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