Influence of cadmium dose and form on the yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and the metal distribution in the plant

Abstract

The influence of two levels of artificial Cd soil contamination (2 and 20 mg Cd kg-1 of soil) on the weight of oat plants, chlorophyll content in leaves, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate was researched in a pot experiments with Avena sativa L. Another objective was to detect the effect of cadmium contamination of soil on the content of cadmium in the dry mass of oat panicles, stems, upper green and bottom yellow leaves and roots. The soil contamination was applied in the forms of nitrate Cd(NO 3) 2 , chloride CdCl 2 and sulphate CdSO 4 2-. High correlation was found between the measured levels of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductivity and transpiration rates, but no correlation occurred between these levels and the cadmium content in leaves. In the variants with Cd contamination, insignificantly higher levels of photosynthesis rates were observed in the measurements than in the zero variant. A 10-fold higher Cd application dose significantly manifested itself by a higher content of Cd in all the analyzed parts of plants, including generative organs. A several-fold higher Cd level was found in the roots than in other parts of the plant, whereas the lowest Cd content was observed in panicles. However, the results obtained by measuring the cadmium content in stems and green leaves were not significant. In most treatments, a notably higher Cd content was determined in bottom yellow leaves than in upper green leaves. This indicates Cd accumulation in senescent tissues and its difficult reutilization. The highest variance was discovered in treatments with the accompanying SO 4 2anion. While estimating the effect of accompanying anions on the Cd content, significant differences were observed only under the higher level of Cd contamination.

Effect of Isosteviol on Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Cadmium Stress

“…Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential element in plant's metabolic processes, is recognized as a harmful heavy metal that can be found in contaminated soils. Cd is unnecessary in the growth of plants; plant roots actively take up Cd ions, which are then transported to vegetative parts located above the ground [1][2][3]. Cd has been observed to seriously inhibit crop production and product quality beyond a certain level [4].…”

“…Therefore, developing feasible technology to reduce Cd stress is quite important. One method selects and cultivates species as well as genotypes that have high tolerance to Cd, and this has been stated in cases of rice, durum wheat, maize, and oat cultivation [2,3,7,8]. Moreover, calcium, a necessary element in crop growth, has been adopted in alleviating the toxicity of Cd [9,10].…”

Effect of Cadmium Chloride and Cadmium Nitrate on Growth and Mineral Nutrient Content in the Root of Fava Bean (Vicia faba L.)

“…Several studies have also shown that Cd accumulation and transport in plants is also dependent on its speciation and bioavailability [11][12][13]. For example, the studies of Hofslagare et al [14] pointed out that photosynthesis in green alga Scenedesmus obliquus was less inhibited by Cd in chloride (Cl − )-containing media than in those containing NO 3 − .…”