Hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material with various
applications.
To meet the demand for industrial use of this material, a rapid and
upscalable process for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
was developed using an in-house developed two-stage continuous flow
hydrothermal reactor. In the framework of this study, phase pure and
highly crystalline 30 to 115 nm long hydroxyapatite nanorods were
produced for potential use as nanofertilizers. The phase composition
of the nanorods was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Particle size
and shape were investigated using transmission electron microscopy.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine
the Ca:P ratio. It was shown that the use of a second mixing stage
allows the particle length to be decreased down to 30 nm without compromising
on crystallinity. In addition to using different mixing stages, adjusting
the pH and controlling the flow speed allow wide range size tuning
of the produced particles. The experimental setup allows for continuous
synthesis of phase pure and highly crystalline hydroxyapatite nanorods,
ensuring the reproducibility and scalability of the process. Dispersive
behavior and dissolution in citrate buffer at a hydroponic pH of 5.5
were studied to evaluate further possibilities of applying produced
NPs on the plants.