Influence of C/Ti stoichiometry in TiC x on the grain refinement efficiency of Al–Ti–C master alloy

Yang, Huabing; Gao, Tong; Wang, Haichao; Nie, Jinfeng; Liu, Xiangfa

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2017.04.015

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…This study shows that some Al3Ti dissolves and produces [Ti] when the temperature is high [32][33][34]. It can be seen from Figure 11a that there is no peak in the cooling curve of the industrial aluminum without adding refiners, which indicates that a peak is not generated during the aluminum crystallization process.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners

Liu

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2020

Metals

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New aluminum grain refiners, Al-TiO 2 -C-XLa 2 O 3 refiners, were manufactured by the in situ reaction of Al powder, TiO 2 powder, C powder, and La 2 O 3 powder. The effects of La 2 O 3 on the refiners' microstructure and the grain refining effect of the Al-TiO 2 -C-XLa 2 O 3 refiners on industrial aluminum were studied. The effect of the sintering process was also studied. The results show that the refiners contain Al 3 Ti, TiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and Al 20 Ti 2 La. As the content of La 2 O 3 increases, the amount of Al 20 Ti 2 La also increases. However, the amounts of Al 3 Ti, Al 2 O 3, and TiC decrease. Al 3 Ti is a lath-like compound whose size becomes smaller. The distribution of Al 2 O 3 and TiC, however, is more uniform. The Al-TiO 2 -C-0.2La 2 O 3 refiner has the best grain refining effect on industrial aluminum. The size of the industrial aluminum refined by the Al-TiO 2 -C-0.2La 2 O 3 refiner is 320 µm; the refiner's grain size is 8.4% that of the industrial aluminum without refiners 0 µm (380). After adding the novel Al-TiO 2 -C-0.2La 2 O 3 refiner, the nucleation temperature T N reached 679.21 • C, which is 17 • C above the nucleation temperature of the industrial aluminum without refiners. The primary transformation time is the longest at 25.5 s, which is 4.6 s higher than that of industrial aluminum (20.9 s). Furthermore, the ∆T of the aluminum is 0.5 • C, which is the lowest value.Many researchers have refined aluminum alloys by adding rare earth (RE) [17,18]. Zhang et al. discovered that a Al-Ti-C-Ce master alloy can refine industrial aluminum effectively [19]. Shi et al. proved that erbium (Er) can refine Al-Si-Mg alloys [20]. However, studies on RE oxides have mostly focused on the preparation of catalysts and glasses [21,22], but the application of RE oxides in the synthesis of Al-TiO 2 -C grain refiners has been less researched.Computer-aided cooling curve analysis (CA-CCA) is often used to characterize the solidification parameters of metals during solidification. Due to its ease of use and low cost, it is the most popular thermal analysis technique [23][24][25]. Farahany et al. used CA-CCA to study the grain refining effect of Sb, Bi, and other elements on Al-Si alloys [26]. Osvaldo et al. studied the solidification process of Al-Cu alloy by CA-CCA [27]. In this paper, novel Al-TiO 2 -C-XLa 2 O 3 refiners were prepared via an in-situ reaction (where X is the weight fraction of La 2 O 3 , equal to 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, as used in this study). The influence of La 2 O 3 on the microstructures of refiners was analyzed. Then, adding different refiners to industrial aluminum, the grain refining effect of refiners on industrial aluminum was studied by CA-CCA. The influence of La 2 O 3 in the sintering process is also discussed. Materials and MethodsIn this experiment, La 2 O 3 powder (purity 99.9%, particle size 5 µm, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou, China), Al powder (purity 99.9%, particle size 40-50 µm, Beijing General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, China),...

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Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners

Liu

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…Furthermore, solid C in the Al melt also can be dissolved into C atoms and combined with Ti atoms to form TiC. Besides, solid C can react with Al to form Al 4 C 3 , and then Al 4 C 3 will react with the Ti atom to form TiC [19,35], the reaction equations as follows:…”

Section: Phase Transformation and Microstructure Transformation Of Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [17,18] studied the effects of temperature and holding time on the microstructure of Al-Ti-C alloys. Yang et al [19] and Gezer et al [20] discussed the influence of the Ti/C stoichiometry on the grain refining performance of Al-Ti-C master alloys. Svynarenko et al [21] investigated the importance of excess Ti for the refining efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Microstructure of Al-5Ti-0.62C System and Synthesis Mechanism of TiC

et al. 2020

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Al-Ti-C master alloys have been widely investigated by various researchers. However, their refining effectiveness is still severely compromised by the preparation process. In this work, the aluminum melt in-situ reaction was carried out to synthesize the Al-5Ti-0.62C, and its refining performance was estimated. The thermodynamics calculation and differential scanning calorimeter experiment were used to investigate the synthesis mechanism of TiC. Quenching experiment was conducted to explore phase and microstructure transformation of the Al-5Ti-0.62C system. The results show that the main phases of Al-5Ti-0.62C master alloys are α-Al, Al3Ti, and TiC and it has a positive effect on commercial pure aluminum refining. Commercial pure aluminum is completely refined into the fine equiaxed structure by adding 0.3% Al-5Ti-0.62C master alloy. TiC particles mainly distribute in the grain interior and grain boundaries. The excess Ti came from the dissolution of Al3Ti spreading around TiC and finally forming the Ti-rich zone to promote the nucleation of α-Al. The experiments certified that TiC was formed by the reaction between solid C and excess Ti atoms. The main reactions in the Al-5Ti-0.62C system were that solid Al is transferred into liquid Al, and then liquid Al reacted with solid Ti to form the Al3Ti. At last, the release of a lot of heat promotes the formation of TiC which formed by the Ti atoms and solid C.

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“…Here, m represents 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1 and 1.25, respectively. It was suggested that the Al-5Ti- m C master alloy with a lower x in TiC x exhibited a better refinement efficiency and anti-fading capability due to the formation of Ti-rich zone around the lower x TiC x melt interface when incorporated into the melt [99]. Qiu et al fabricated 50 vol.% TiC x /2014Al in the Al-Ti-C system where the reaction ratios of C to Ti were 0.6 to 1.0.…”

Section: The Synthesis and Characterization Of Three-dimensional Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis, Structure, Morphology Characterizations and Evolution Mechanisms of Nanosized Titanium Carbides and Their Further Applications

Dong

Qiu

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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It is widely known that the special performances and extensive applications of the nanoscale materials are determined by their as-synthesized structures, especially their growth sizes and morphologies. Hereinto, titanium carbides, which show brilliant comprehensive properties, have attracted considerable attention from researchers. How to give full play to their potentials in the light-weight manufacture, microwave absorption, electromagnetic protection, energy conversion and catalyst areas has been widely studied. In this summarized article, the synthesis methods and mechanisms, corresponding growth morphologies of titanium carbides and their further applications were briefly reviewed and analyzed according to their different morphological dimensions, including one-dimensional nanostructures, two-dimensional nanosheets and three-dimensional nanoparticles. It is believed that through the investigation of the crystal structures, synthesis methods, growth mechanisms, and morphology characterizations of those titanium carbides, new lights could be shed on the regulation and control of the ceramic phase specific morphologies to meet with their excellent properties and applications. In addition, the corresponding development prospects and challenges of titanium carbides with various growth morphologies were also summarized.

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Influence of C/Ti stoichiometry in TiC x on the grain refinement efficiency of Al–Ti–C master alloy

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners

Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners

Investigation of Microstructure of Al-5Ti-0.62C System and Synthesis Mechanism of TiC

The Synthesis, Structure, Morphology Characterizations and Evolution Mechanisms of Nanosized Titanium Carbides and Their Further Applications

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