Influence of Bulk and Nanoparticles Titanium Foliar Application on some Agronomic Traits, Seed Gluten and Starch Contents of Wheat Subjected to Water Deficit Stress

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) is a very interesting chemical element, especially physiologically. Although Ti is not toxic for animals and humans, its effects on plants show remarkable concentration dependence. Whereas for plants, it shows beneficial effects on various physiological parameters at low doses. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bulk and nanoparticles titanium foliar application on some agronomic traits, seed gluten and starch contents of wheat under water deficit stress conditions during 2010-2011 growing seasons. The experimental design was randomized in complete blocks arranged in split-split plots with four replications. The factors included normal irrigation, water deficit stress (irrigation withholding at two growing stages of stem elongation and flowering), two growing stages for water deficit stress induction and titanium applications, five titanium concentrations, sources including control of titanium oxide (bulk), and three concentrations of 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03% of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Plant height, ear weight, ear number, seed number, 1000-seed weight, final yield, biomass, harvest index, gluten, and starch contents were assayed. The results showed that water deficit stress caused significant decrease in plant growth, yield and yield components. In addition, among the different titanium treatments, titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 0.02% increased almost all agronomic traits including gluten and starch content. Thus, the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles under conditions of water deficit stress is recommended.

Effect of Bread Wheat Grain Soaking in Different Titanium Dioxide Concentrations on the Yield and its Components

“…The highest thousand kernel weight (51.3 and 46.2 g in the first and second seasons, respectively) were obtained from wheat grain soaked at 0.03 and 0.02% titanium dioxide nanoparticles concentration for 18 hour in the first and second seasons, respectively. These obtained results are in a good line with those stated by Jaberzadeh et al (2013) and Razzaq et al(2016). Grain and straw yields (ton fad -1 ) traits: Exhibited data in Tables 8 and 9 reveal that there are no significant differences between three tested soaking times on grain yield in both seasons, although the wheat grain soaked for 12 hour before sowing produced the highest mean values of grain yield (23.4 and 22.4 ardab fad -1 in the first and second seasons, respectively).Straw yield affected significantly by soaking time in the first season only in favor of 24 hour treatment which gained the highest mean value of straw yield (5.1 ton fad -1 ).…”

“…Kiss et al (1985) and Daood et al (1998) also showed that Ti could activate photosynthesis, probably by changing the redox state of specific regulatory proteins and eliciting an alteration in enzyme activity, the most important enzyme being fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (F-1,6BP), which participates in the Calvin cycle, gluconeogenic, and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways of carbohydrate metabolism which are assumed to be associated with Titanium. Similar results were obtained by Jaberzadeh et al, 2013. Yield components traits: Illustrated data in Tables 3 to 7 focuses that soaking time had a significant (p≤ 0.05) effect on number of spikes m -2 in both seasons and seed weight spike -1 in the first season only while, the effect in all others studied yield components traits don't reached the 5% significant level.…”

“…Titanium has significant biological effects on plants, being beneficial at low levels but toxic at higher concentrations. Although titanium is not toxic for animals and humans, its effects on plants and bacteria show noteworthy concentration dependence (Jaberzadeh et al, 2013). Nano sized TiO 2 is a frequently used nanoparticle, consequently there has been an exponential increase in data collection on the effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles on different species but there is much less information on the effects of nanoparticles on plants compared to animals.…”

Effects of Foliar Application of Titanium on Seed Yield in Timothy (Phleum pratense L.)

“…The shortest plants were harvested from the control plots, whereas the highest from the plots treated with Ti at a dose of 6.8 g · ha -1 . Contrasting results were obtained by Jaberzadeh et al [19] and Whitted-Haag et al [16]. Jaberzadeh et al [19] reported that higher concentration of Ti (0.03%) in Triticum aestivum contributed to decreased plant height and improved biomass yield and seed parameters.…”

“…Contrasting results were obtained by Jaberzadeh et al [19] and Whitted-Haag et al [16]. Jaberzadeh et al [19] reported that higher concentration of Ti (0.03%) in Triticum aestivum contributed to decreased plant height and improved biomass yield and seed parameters. According to Whitted-Haag et al [16] Ti supplementation (at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg · dm -3 ) in annual bedding plants (geranium, impatiens, pansy, petunia, and snapdragon) only slightly affected plant height but significantly changed stem diameter.…”