Influence of Breastfeeding Time on Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Milk of a Mexican Population

Abstract

This study was conducted with the objective of determining whether there is a depuration of organochlorine pesticides in breast milk according to breastfeeding time. In total, 171 samples from mothers that lived in the State of Guerrero, Mexico were analyzed. There was a weak negative relationship between pp'DDE (r = -0.216) and Σ-DDT (r = -0.222) concentrations with the days of lactation. In a comparison analysis, a statistically significant decrease of pp'DDT and pp'DDE levels was observed, as well as the Σ-DDT from the first to the fifth week of lactation. A reduction of 0.188 mg/kg lipid of pp'DDE and 0.181 mg/kg lipid of Σ-DDT per week was obtained. HCB, β-HCH and op'DDT concentrations were low and had no major fluctuations between subgroups. The low levels found and the observed reduction in time involve less exposure to the infant to these pollutants. Through this methodology changes in levels of certain organochlorine pesticides in various stages of human milk production may be shown.

A New Online Computer Program (Bidasys) for Ordinary and Uncertainty Weighted Least-Squares Linear Regressions: Case Studies From Food Chemistry

“…The quantities of organochlorine pesticides in breast milk were expressed as milligrams per kilogram of lipid base (mg/kg lipid). The regression results obtained by Chávez-Almazán et al (2015) and those obtained in this study are summarized in Table 4. 4).…”

“…After the detection and separation of 59 discordant outliers, the results for OLR DT are: y = 1.163(±0.174) -0.0163 (±0.0061) * x, r = −0.5736, R 2 = 0.3291 and Pc(r; n) < 0.00005 (Table 4; Figure 7d). Chávez-Almazán et al (2015) applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test to their data, but this test does not allow the detection of outlying observations. It is clear from the present methodology that the original statistical samples were not drawn from a single normal population.…”

Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides Are Associated with Amyloid Aggregation in Apex Avian Brains

“…30 Maternal transfer is also a relevant consideration for humans as secretion of OC pesticides into the breast milk of mammals including humans has been reported. 31,32 The impact of age on the consequences of OC pesticide exposure has been well studied due to reports of neurodegeneration in aged individuals who are known to have been occupationally exposed to OCs during their lifetime. 33,34 Exposure to OC pesticides is regarded as an important environmental risk factor in the development of AD.…”

“…The reported figures regarding the amount that is passed into eggs vary greatly but it is thought that as much as a third of a female’s OC burden could be transferred in this way and incorporated into the lipid-containing yolk . Maternal transfer is also a relevant consideration for humans as secretion of OC pesticides into the breast milk of mammals including humans has been reported. , The impact of age on the consequences of OC pesticide exposure has been well studied due to reports of neurodegeneration in aged individuals who are known to have been occupationally exposed to OCs during their lifetime. , …”

Análisis Regional De La Contaminación Por Plaguicidas Organoclorados en Leche Humana en Guerrero, México

“…Los plaguicidas organoclorados pueden monitorearse en poblaciones humanas a través del análisis de leche materna, lo que refleja en parte la cantidad de contaminante presente en el ambiente de donde fue absorbido por los individuos estudiados (IPCS 2011). Existen escasos estudios sobre estos contaminantes orgánicos persistentes en la población del estado de Guerrero (Chávez-Almazán et al 2014, 2016. Respecto a la distribución de estos compuestos en el estado, no hay información que permita identificar las diferencias en la exposición entre sus habitantes y de esta forma brindar un panorama de la problemática existente que coadyuve a la toma de decisiones de las instituciones públicas ambientales y sanitarias tendientes a disminuir el contacto con estos contaminantes y prevenir sus efectos adversos a largo plazo en las personas expuestas.…”