Influence of border disease virus (BDV) on serological surveillance within the bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) eradication program in Switzerland

Abstract

BackgroundIn 2008, a program to eradicate bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) in cattle in Switzerland was initiated. After targeted elimination of persistently infected animals that represent the main virus reservoir, the absence of BVD is surveilled serologically since 2012. In view of steadily decreasing pestivirus seroprevalence in the cattle population, the susceptibility for (re-) infection by border disease (BD) virus mainly from small ruminants increases. Due to serological cross-reactivity of pestiviruses, serological surveillance of BVD by ELISA does not distinguish between BVD and BD virus as source of infection.ResultsIn this work the cross-serum neutralisation test (SNT) procedure was adapted to the epidemiological situation in Switzerland by the use of three pestiviruses, i.e., strains representing the subgenotype BVDV-1a, BVDV-1h and BDSwiss-a, for adequate differentiation between BVDV and BDV. Thereby the BDV-seroprevalence in seropositive cattle in Switzerland was determined for the first time. Out of 1,555 seropositive blood samples taken from cattle in the frame of the surveillance program, a total of 104 samples (6.7%) reacted with significantly higher titers against BDV than BVDV. These samples originated from 65 farms and encompassed 15 different cantons with the highest BDV-seroprevalence found in Central Switzerland. On the base of epidemiological information collected by questionnaire in case- and control farms, common housing of cattle and sheep was identified as the most significant risk factor for BDV infection in cattle by logistic regression.ConclusionThis indicates that pestiviruses from sheep should be considered as a source of infection of domestic cattle and might well impede serological BVD surveillance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0932-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Epidemiological factors and mitigation measures influencing production losses in cattle due to bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection: A meta‐analysis

“…Additionally, contact with neighbouring cattle herds or common housing of ruminants should be considered as an important factor for virus transmission and hence for BVDV production losses (Graham et al, ; Kaiser, Nebel, Schüpbach‐Regula, Zanoni, & Schweizer, ). Our analysis emphasizes that reduction of mean annual BVDV production losses per animal due to mitigation measures was partially counteracted on average by 18% when farmers introduced new cattle into a farm (cattle introduction) or allowed contact with neighbouring cattle herds, compared to farmer without introduction of cattle or contact to other herds (Table ).…”

The Small-Compound Inhibitor K22 Displays Broad Antiviral Activity against Different Members of the Family Flaviviridae and Offers Potential as a Panviral Inhibitor

“…For the Huh7-Lunet-N-hCD81-FLuc cell line, blasticidin was added to the culture medium at a concentration of 5 μg/ml. BVDV strains SuwaCp and SuwaNcp were isolated at the Institute of Virology and Immunology ( 36 ) and passaged on embryonic bovine turbinate (BT) cells as described previously ( 37 ) in Eagle minimal essential medium (Gibco) supplemented with 7% (vol/vol) FBS (PAA; PAA Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Glattbrugg, Switzerland), 1% (vol/vol) GlutaMAX (Gibco), 1% (vol/vol) penicillin-streptomycin (Biochrom), 0.5% (vol/vol) neomycin-bacitracin (Biochrom), and 1% (vol/vol) NEA (Biochrom).…”

Complete Genome Sequences of Three Border Disease Virus Strains of the Same Subgenotype, BDSwiss, Isolated from Sheep, Cattle, and Pigs in Switzerland

“…They form a new, yet unclassified, BDV subgenotype. The first isolates of this type were isolated in 2006 in Switzerland and provisionally named BD Switzerland ( 5 ) or BDSwiss ( 6 – 8 ) or remained unclassified ( 4 , 9 , 10 ), and partial sequences (5′ untranslated region [UTR], N pro ) were deposited in GenBank (accession no. JQ994199, JQ994200 GU244490, and GU244489).…”