Influence of Bone Definition and Finite Element Parameters in Bone and Dental Implants Stress: A Literature Review

Abstract

Bone plays an important role in dental implant treatment success. The goal of this literature review is to analyze the influence of bone definition and finite element parameters on stress in dental implants and bone in numerical studies. A search was conducted of Pubmed, Science Direct and LILACS, and two independent reviewers performed the data extraction. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool for clinical trials. Seventeen studies were included. Titanium was the most commonly-used material in dental implants. The magnitude of the applied loads varied from 15 to 300 N with a mean of 182 N. Complete osseointegration was the most common boundary condition. Evidence from this review suggests that bone is commonly defined as an isotropic material, despite being an anisotropic tissue, and that it is analyzed as a ductile material, instead of as a fragile material. In addition, and in view of the data analyzed in this review, it can be concluded that there is no standardization for conducting finite element studies in the field of dentistry. Convergence criteria are only detailed in two of the studies included in this review, although they are a key factor in obtaining accurate results in numerical studies. It is therefore necessary to implement a methodology that indicates which parameters a numerical simulation must include, as well as how the results should be analyzed.

Biomechanical Effects of Ti-Base Abutment Height on the Dental Implant System: A Finite Element Analysis

“…To this end, abutments of three different heights were created, with an identical size to the entire prosthetic system. The use of FEA for biomechanical studies in oral implantology is widely accepted in the scientific literature, as shown by numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews [34,35], and allows us to perform studies that would be more complex in vivo.…”

A comparative evaluation of stress distribution between an All-on-Four implant-supported prosthesis and the Trefoil implant-supported prosthesis: A three-dimensional finite element analysis study

“…[ 8 15 ] Following this, a full mouth simultaneous posterior biting load of 150 N was given to simulate the normal masticatory force. [ 16 26 27 ]…”

“…The less stress distribution in All on Four concept was due to increased number of implants, tilted posterior implants and increased bone to implant contact which inturn increased the surface area and reduced the cantilever length due to the increased AP implant spread. [ 10 16 26 27 28 29 30 31 ] On the another hand, the occlusion given also greatly influences the biomechanical success of both All-on-Four and Trefoil concept. Implant-protected occlusion has to be given for the long-term success of the implant-supported full mouth rehabilitation.…”

Effect of Variable Implant Tip Distances on Stress Distribution around the Mental Foramen: A Finite Element Analysis

“…Finite elements analysis was acted as a brilliant method in the medical field overall, and in field of dentistry in specific. The results providing through software models based on the "finite elements considerations, as mesh definitions and elements, material properties, and margin and applying loads settings" [19]. Many stress analysis dental cases have been achieved by finite element technique at static conditions, but the analysis of cyclic loading of dental implants has not been done with finite element studies as it consumes a lot of time with extremely high computer resources [20].…”