Influence of body mass index on the biomechanical properties of the human prolapsed anterior vaginal wall

Lopez, Sandra Ochoa; Eberhart, Robert C.; Chuong, C. J.

doi:10.1007/s00192-014-2525-4

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The clinical literature does not report much on the biomechanical properties of the vagina of asymptomatic women over the course of their life. The available data demonstrate that women with a high BMI or who are menopausal have a stiffer vaginal wall [31,32]. In our menopausal sheep, we also observed an increase in stiffness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Morphological and Functional Changes in the Vagina following Critical Lifespan Events in the Ewe

Hympánová

Rynkevic

Urbánková

et al. 2019

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background/Aims: The ewe is increasingly being used as an animal model for pelvic floor disorders. The aim was to further characterize changes in the vaginal properties during its entire lifespan. Methods: Vaginal tissues were collected at different stages of reproductive life (neonatal, prepubescence, nulliparous, primiparous, multiparous, and menopausal; ≥6 ewes/group). Vaginal size, as well as active and passive biomechanics, was measured. Microscopy included thickness of glycogen, epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis thickness, densities of collagen, elastin, smooth muscle, and nerves. Results: Vaginal dimensions increase during adolescence, peak at reproductive levels, and decrease sharply after ovariectomy. One year after first delivery, the distal vagina gets more compliant, yet this is reversed later in life. The thickness of glycogen staining epithelial layers changed with puberty and menopause. The epithelium was markedly thicker after multiple deliveries. The thickness of lamina propria and muscularis increased in puberty and in nulliparous. Semi-quantitative collagen assessment demonstrated a lower collagen and higher elastin content after first and multiple deliveries. Conclusion: The changes in the ovine vaginal wall during representative moments of her lifespan parallel those observed in women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Morphological and Functional Changes in the Vagina following Critical Lifespan Events in the Ewe

Hympánová

Rynkevic

Urbánková

et al. 2019

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Both old and young vaginal tissues exhibited nonlinear stress-strain relations and Mullin's effects [76,77]. Typically, with age comes weight gain, and a recent study conducted by Lopez et al [79] showed that the stiffness of prolapsed vaginal tissue increased with increasing body mass index. Given the strong correlation between parity and pelvic organ prolapse development, the impact of parity on the mechanical properties of the vagina was recently investigated by Knight et al [80] in the ewes.…”

Section: Testing Methods and Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Female Reproductive Organs and Supporting Connective Tissues: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

Baah-Dwomoh

McGuire

Tan

et al. 2016

Applied Mechanics Reviews

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Although there has been an upsurge of interest in research on women's sexual and reproductive health, most of the research has remained confined to the obstetrics and gynecology disciplines, without knowledge flow to the biomechanics community. Thus, the mechanics of the female reproductive system and the changes determined by pregnancy, age, obesity, and various medical conditions have not been thoroughly studied. In recent years, more investigators have been focusing their efforts on evaluating the mechanical properties of the reproductive organs and supportive connective tissues, but, despite the many advances, there is still a lot that remains to be done. This paper provides an overview of the research published over the past few decades on the mechanical characterization of the primary female reproductive organs and supporting connective tissues. For each organ and tissue, after a brief description of the function and structure, the testing methods and main mechanical results are presented. Constitutive equations are then reviewed for all organs/tissues together. The goal is to spark the interest of new investigators to this largely untapped but fast-evolving branch of soft tissue mechanics that will impact women's gynecologic, reproductive, and sexual health care.

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“… A : Stress versus strain plot for freshly excised HAVW measured in uniaxial tension (no cycling) Zimmern et al B : Uniaxial tension with recycling Lopez‐Ochoa et al…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak stress level can be chosen to approximate that experienced during a physiological maneuver, for example, coughing, Valsalva; in addition, a “rest” interval can be employed. Typical results are shown in Figure B, taken from Lopez‐Ochoa et al…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak stress level can be chosen to approximate that experienced during a physiological maneuver, for example, coughing, Valsalva; in addition, a ''rest'' interval can be employed. Typical results are shown in Figure 1B, taken from Lopez-Ochoa et al 7 However, the principal aim of Lopez-Ochoa et al was to employ noncyclic uniaxial tension methods to study the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the biomechanical properties of the prolapsed anterior vaginal wall, hypothesizing that patient weight would have no influence. Patients were grouped by BMI.…”

Section: Section 1: Ex Vivo Testing Of the Prolapsed Vaginal Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring biomechanical methods to study the human vaginal wall

Eberhart¹,

Chuong

2016

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Influence of body mass index on the biomechanical properties of the human prolapsed anterior vaginal wall

Abstract: Contrary to our hypothesis, this study observed a relationship between BMI and human AVW biomechanical properties, with more obese women having stiffer tissue properties.

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Morphological and Functional Changes in the Vagina following Critical Lifespan Events in the Ewe

Morphological and Functional Changes in the Vagina following Critical Lifespan Events in the Ewe

Mechanical Properties of Female Reproductive Organs and Supporting Connective Tissues: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

Exploring biomechanical methods to study the human vaginal wall

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