Influence of blending and hot water extraction on the quality of wood pellets

Eisenbies, Mark H.; Volk, Timothy A.; Amidon, Tom; Shi, Shun

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.12.120

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Pellets made from cotton, tur, and soybean crop residue have diameters of 8±0.1mm and lengths of 32±3mm. As the die hole diameter was 8mm, a little change in diameter may have occurred due to physical swelling and moisture liberation during die press release, and a difference in length may have occurred due to temperature changes in the processing unit and outlet hopper [23], [24]. The moisture content of cotton, tur, and soybean crop residue pellets was measured using the oven drying method by keeping the sample in a hot air oven for 24 hr at 100±5℃ and found to be 8.51±0.9%, 7.24±0.7%, and 6.43±1.3%, respectively.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Crop Residue Pelletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Pellets from Agricultural Residue: Cotton, Tur, and Soybean

Udakwar,

Sarode

2023

IJPTE

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Substituting biomass for conventional sources of fuel can help to provide cleaner energy. Woody biomass pellets are gaining popularity in the primary energy industry. Agricultural biomass is either burned on the farm or used as fodder for animals recently, which releases toxic chemicals in environment. Locally cultivated crop waste has potential to be more environmentally benign than imported biomass. As a result, residues of locally grown Cotton, Tur, and Soybean crops were used for pelleting in this study. The collected residues were sundried and shredded to particle sizes ranging between 2.36 mm to 4.75mm. The pellets were prepared without binder by using pelleting machine. The proximate and ultimate analysis of crop residue and pellet samples was carried out to check characteristics and applicability of pellets as bioenergy source. The thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to check thermal behaviour and SEM-EDS analysis was carried out to detect the inorganics present in ash sample. The obtained calorific values of cotton, tur, and soybean pellets are 3696.57, 3487.83, and 3281.65 Kcal/Kg respectively and moisture content is below 10% for all three types of pellets. The findings showed that crop residue pellets as an alternative to conventional fuel sources provide superior economic and environmental outcomes.

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Section: Characterisation Of Crop Residue Pelletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Pellets from Agricultural Residue: Cotton, Tur, and Soybean

Udakwar,

Sarode

2023

IJPTE

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“…As demand continues to rise, new capacity in the northeast is likely to become attractive, with WBC being a component of the necessary biomass resource to enable large export plants to be built. Biomass willow is, however, challenged in the pellet market by its higher ash content, which is above the specification threshold conventionally acceptable in fuel pellets [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this challenge, Hot Water Extraction (HWE) has been proposed as a tool for upgrading biomass for a range of wood products. This upgrading can include reducing ash content in fuel pellets [8,9], making pellets water-resistant, making reconstituted wood products more water-resistant [10,11], and reducing energy consumption in pellet manufacturing [12], while simultaneously recovering a range of potential co-products [13]. HWE involves treating biomass in liquid water at elevated temperatures (140 • C-180 • C) for an extended period (usually 30-180 min), which solubilizes 15-30% of woody biomass [9,14], and up to 40% of some non-woody biomass [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Water Extraction: Short Rotation Willow, Mixed Hardwoods, and Process Considerations

Wood¹,

Amidon²,

Volk

et al. 2020

Energies

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Short rotation woody crops (SRWC) like shrub willow are highly productive biomass resources of interest for energy and fuel applications. Hot water extraction (HWE) as an upgrading tool to enable the use of willow biomass in pellet applications has been proposed, and is of increasing interest. This study treats willow and mixes of willow and conventional mixed hardwood feedstock with HWE in a tumbling laboratory reactor to elucidate the effects of time, temperature, feedstock mixes, and other process considerations (water:biomass ratio, presteaming, counter-current processing) on mass removals and other extraction outcomes (e.g., sugar, acetate, and furan yields). Results demonstrated alignment of extraction outcomes with P-factor from 155 °C to 175 °C, with a good compromise of removed mass and co-product potential in the range from 575–800 P-factor. The preferred condition was chosen as 575 P-factor. HWE of mixes of willow and hardwood feedstocks showed a linear response of extraction outcomes to willow:hardwood ratios. Testing of water:biomass ratios demonstrated that this is a significant consideration, with each outcome being affected somewhat differently, and indicating that HWE is more diffusion dependent than expected. Presteaming shows little to no effect on extraction outcomes, while multi-stage cooks simulating counter-current operation indicate a significant potential value in counter-current extraction.

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“…Shrub willow (Salix spp.) is a short rotation woody crop that can grow on marginal land [7] and has been examined in recent studies for its use as an energy source [8]. Shrub willow has regional availability in the Northeastern United States due to the Salix Consortium's Willow Biomass project in conjunction with the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), through which shrub willow was planted on over 200 hectares in western and central New York in 2003 [9] and on over 500 hectares throughout the Northeastern region (as of 2018) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shrub willow has regional availability in the Northeastern United States due to the Salix Consortium's Willow Biomass project in conjunction with the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), through which shrub willow was planted on over 200 hectares in western and central New York in 2003 [9] and on over 500 hectares throughout the Northeastern region (as of 2018) [10]. As such, shrub willow was selected for this project due to its availability and to further explore the use of willow as an energy source [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Use in Enhancing the Properties of Willow Pellets

Elniski,

Dongre,

Bujanovic

2023

Forests

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Shrub willow (Salix spp.) is an emerging lignocellulosic biomass utilized in fuel pellets as an energy source. However, improvements are needed to increase the efficacy of pellets in areas such as the energy content, durability, and hazardous carbon monoxide emissions. This study examined the effect of utilizing lignin as an additive on willow pellet properties. Two types of lignin were used in individual treatments: lignin recovered from the hot water extraction of willow (RecL) and commercial softwood kraft lignin (ComL). A statistical analysis of the ash content, energy content, bulk density, durability, pellet length, moisture absorption, and carbon monoxide emissions for the pellets with and without the addition of RecL or ComL lignin was conducted. The observed significant reduction in carbon monoxide emissions from RecL pellets was an important effect of the lignin addition. There were also significant increases in the energy content, bulk density, and durability of lignin-added pellets. While the production of carbon monoxide via pellets continues to be explored, lignin can be utilized as an additive to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and simultaneously improve other pellet properties.

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Influence of blending and hot water extraction on the quality of wood pellets

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Production and Characterization of Pellets from Agricultural Residue: Cotton, Tur, and Soybean

Production and Characterization of Pellets from Agricultural Residue: Cotton, Tur, and Soybean

Hot Water Extraction: Short Rotation Willow, Mixed Hardwoods, and Process Considerations

Lignin Use in Enhancing the Properties of Willow Pellets

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