Influence of biowaste additive and treated short woven flax fibers on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PP composites

Tran, Thanh Mai Nguyen; Prabhakar, M. N.; Song, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114176

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Young's modulus of pine cone-based composites increased on increasing the filler content, which could be due to the increased interfacial bonding on the incorporation of fillers which were stiffer than the fiber and the matrix. 65,66 The random distribution and clustering of wood apple shell particles beyond 5 wt.% of loading led to the development of amorphous structures that caused a drop in elastic modulus of composites beyond 5 wt.%. 42 The maximum increase in the values of tensile strength with respect to areca fiber composites was 17.73% and 23.97% for pine cone and wood apple-based composites, respectively, while the increase in Young's modulus was 35% and 23.56%, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and performance evaluation of agro wastes reinforced bio-based epoxy hybrid composites

Joshi

Bajpai

Mukhopadhyay

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Agro-wastes have a huge potential to be utilized as lignocellulosic reinforcements in polymer composites. This will not only play an important role in waste management but will also strengthen sustainable production. In the present work, pine cones and wood apple shells were utilized as fillers along with areca sheath fibers in bio-based epoxy resin for fabricating a novel hybrid composite wherein the effect of these fillers in laminated composites has not been explored to a greater extent. The impact of reinforcing both types of fillers in different loadings (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) on various properties of composites was investigated. Physical properties like density, void fraction, mechanical properties comprising of tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and hardness along with morphology and moisture absorption behavior of composites were investigated. The mechanical properties of the fabricated composites were influenced by the structure (coarser/finer) of fillers and their chemical composition. The mechanical results for the composites revealed that incorporating wood apple shell fillers resulted in the maximum rise in tensile (23.97%), impact strength (16.81%), and interlaminar shear strength (31.64%), while the incorporation of pine cone fillers resulted in the maximum rise of flexural strength along with Young's (35.4%) and flexural modulus (32.81%). A reduction in moisture absorption was observed on the addition of both types of fillers up to a certain filler loading. The investigations demonstrated a noticeable enhancement in mechanical and physical properties of the fabricated composites on reinforcing micron size fillers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and performance evaluation of agro wastes reinforced bio-based epoxy hybrid composites

Joshi

Bajpai

Mukhopadhyay

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…As it moved through the extruder, the blend passed through four specific heating zones set at 180 C, 185 C, 190 C, and 195 C. Simultaneously, the primary twin-screw operated at 30 rpm, while the hopper screw functioned at 20 rpm. 43,44 Upon exiting the extruder, the composite filament was cooled to room temperature using an air-cooled conveyor (SFS-120, Wuhan Ruiming Experimental Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd., China). This filament was then fed into a miniature granulator (SQS-180, Wuhan Ruiming Experimental Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd., China) to produce pellets.…”

Section: Bf/pp and Rhp/pp Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inherent morphology of LFF facilitates interactions between fiber bundles and the matrix, contributing to improved tensile strength through efficient stress transfer under tensile loads. 43,44 Additionally, long fiber bundles, being inherently more stronger than short fibers, leading to enhanced composite performance. Literature suggests that long fibers, with lengths exceeding 5 mm, significantly bolster composite strength relative to their shorter counterparts, less than 2 mm long.…”

Section: Tensile Behavior [Various Plies Of Unidirectional Flax Fiber...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hybrid eco‐friendly reinforcement and their size on mechanical and flame retardant properties of polypropylene composites for technical applications

Mai Nguyen Tran,

M.N.,

Lee

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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While the potential of natural fiber (NF) composites for various engineering applications is well‐recognized, a deep understanding of the intricate interactions within these composites remains crucial. This study examines the microstructural characteristics of the polymer matrix and evaluates the impact of reinforcement size, with a particular focus on fire sensitivity. Hybrid‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were introduced using a unique tri‐hybrid system. This system combines long flax fibers (LFF) as primary reinforcement, with short basalt fibers (BF) and micro rice husk powder (RHP) as secondary reinforcements. These composites were fabricated using innovative extrusion, compression, and injection molding techniques. This novel fabrication method and strategic hybrid design bridged gaps in the composite structure, leading to significant enhancements in tensile and flexural strength. Improvements of 57.82%, 67.53%, and 60.02% over LFF/PP composites were observed, respectively. On the thermal front, the char residue surged by an impressive 497.51%. Flame properties, notably pHRR and THR, were reduced by 57.25% and 13.28%, respectively. These enhancements are attributed to the lignin in BF and the silica in RHP. The fire safety index further confirmed these improvements, with FGI and FPI increasing by 27.33% and 111.11%, respectively.

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“…Plenty of work has been done to enhance the flame retardancy of PP and great progress has been made in the past several decades. [3,4] The most effective method is to directly blend virgin PP with various flame retardants (FRs), such as metal hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, nano clay, graphene, phosphorus/nitrogencontaining intumescent flame retardant, organosiloxane, etc. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Among the various FRs, magnesium hydroxide (MH) has been extensively used as a smoke and toxic-free additive owing to its low cost, high endothermic decomposition temperature, and environmental friendliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of expandable graphite on flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and acid resistance of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide composites

Liang

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this work, expandable graphite (EG) was introduced to the composite of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide (PP/MH) by melt compounding, fire performance, thermal degradation behavior, and acid resistance of the PP/MH/EG composites were investigated. The results demonstrate that the flame retardant efficiency of MH is very low by itself and there is a noticeable synergism between MH and EG in PP. The addition of proper EG can enhance flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and acid resistance of the PP/MH composite significantly at the same time.Replacing 8.7 wt% MH with 8.7 wt% EG reduces the filling grade needed for V-0 from 63 wt% MH to 56.5 wt% MH/EG mixture. The presence of EG on the composite surface hinders acid erosion of MH. There is no chemical reaction between MH and EG. Continuous intumescent char can be produced on the composite surface upon combustion, which is responsible for the much-improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression, regardless of the presence of MH on the surface area.

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Influence of biowaste additive and treated short woven flax fibers on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PP composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Processing and performance evaluation of agro wastes reinforced bio-based epoxy hybrid composites

Processing and performance evaluation of agro wastes reinforced bio-based epoxy hybrid composites

Effect of hybrid eco‐friendly reinforcement and their size on mechanical and flame retardant properties of polypropylene composites for technical applications

Role of expandable graphite on flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and acid resistance of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide composites

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