Influence of Biotransformation on the Relationship between Bioconcentration Factors and Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients

Wolf, Watze de; Bruijn, Jack H. M. de; Seinen, Willem; Hermens, Joop L. M.

doi:10.1021/es50002a608

Cited by 105 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In aquatic animals, biotransformation of a chemical substance assimilated from an animal's environment has the e!ect of increasing the substance's net elimination rate and thus decreasing the equilibrium level of the substance in the organism (Meylan et al, 1999). Fish have the same complement of enzymes as do mammals, including those catalyzing phase I (oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic) and phase II (conjugative) reactions, although activity is often lower than in birds (Spacie et al, 1983;De Wolf et al, 1992;De Bruijn et al, 1993;James, 1994). The metabolic capacities of di!erent tissues are not identical, so the bioaccumulation patterns of PCDD/F in "sh and bird are also di!erent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Transformation, and Long-Term Accumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Tissues of Fish and Piscivorous Birds

Zhang

Schramm

et al. 2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Transformation, and Long-Term Accumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Tissues of Fish and Piscivorous Birds

Zhang

Schramm

et al. 2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…By comparing experimental BCF values of chlorinated anilines in the guppy with the predicted ones derived from BCF data on non-biotransformed chlorobenzenes, De Wolf et al (1992) found that lower observed values are caused by biotransformation of anilines in the fish via N-acetylation. Serrano et al (1997b) examined the bioconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides in Mytilus galloprovincialis for 35 days and found much lower BCF values than expected from the predictive equation (Connell 1988).…”

Section: Aquatic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

136

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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“…Biotransformation can strongly impact the extent to which hydrophobic organic chemicals accumulate in fish [1][2][3][4]. Until recently, however, methods that could be used to predict this activity were unavailable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward improved models for predicting bioconcentration of well‐metabolized compounds by rainbow trout using measured rates of in vitro intrinsic clearance

Nichols¹,

Huggett²,

Arnot³

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

112

251

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Models were developed to predict the bioconcentration of well-metabolized chemicals by rainbow trout. The models employ intrinsic clearance data from in vitro studies with liver S9 fractions or isolated hepatocytes to estimate a liver clearance rate, which is extrapolated to a whole-body biotransformation rate constant (kMET ). Estimated kMET values are then used as inputs to a mass-balance bioconcentration prediction model. An updated algorithm based on measured binding values in trout is used to predict unbound chemical fractions in blood, while other model parameters are designed to be representative of small fish typically used in whole-animal bioconcentration testing efforts. Overall model behavior was shown to be strongly dependent on the relative hydrophobicity of the test compound and assumed rate of in vitro activity. The results of a restricted sensitivity analysis highlight critical research needs and provide guidance on the use of in vitro biotransformation data in a tiered approach to bioaccumulation assessment.

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Influence of Biotransformation on the Relationship between Bioconcentration Factors and Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients

Cited by 105 publications

References 28 publications

Distribution, Transformation, and Long-Term Accumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Tissues of Fish and Piscivorous Birds

Distribution, Transformation, and Long-Term Accumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Different Tissues of Fish and Piscivorous Birds

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Toward improved models for predicting bioconcentration of well‐metabolized compounds by rainbow trout using measured rates of in vitro intrinsic clearance

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