Influence of ball milling on the particle size and antimicrobial properties of Tridax procumbens leaf nanoparticles

Abstract

The herbal nanoparticles were prepared from shade dried plant leaves employing ball milling technique using different process parameters, like ball ratio/size and milling time. The obtained nanoparticles were comprehensively characterised using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and antimicrobial analysis techniques. The crystallinity of the nanoparticles was retained without altering even though the particle size changes due to milling periods. The antibacterial activities of the prepared herbal nanoparticles against and were explored to understand the influence of particle size on antimicrobial activities and their functional properties. The increase in ball ratio and milling time periods leads to a decrease in nanoparticle size from 114 to 45 nm which in turn increases the antimicrobial activities. The above study confirms that antimicrobial activity relies on nanoparticle size. The observed knowledge on influence of particle size on antimicrobial activities will help to optimise the production of potential herbal nanoparticles for different biomedical applications.

Screening the UV‐blocking and antimicrobial properties of herbal nanoparticles prepared from Aloe vera leaves for textile applications

“…The coarse powder was milled for 1 h using 20 mm sized balls (Zirconia) using Ball mill (PM100; Retsch, Germany) at 300 rpm to get fine powder. The obtained fine powder was again milled (10 mm balls: 300 rpm, 20:1 ball ratio) for 15 h. The powder was collected for further characterisation studies, followed by coating on fabrics as per the protocol reported in our earlier investigations [27, 28].…”

Larvicidal, super hydrophobic and antibacterial properties of herbal nanoparticles from Acalypha indica for biomedical applications

“…The XRD pattern of AINPs is shown in Fig. 2, which conrms the absence of diffraction peaks i.e., amorphous nature, except for the observed broad band at 2q values (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Generally, the amorphous nature of the particles is non-toxic to living organisms and hence, amorphous herbal nanoparticles enhance the biocompatibility for clinical applications.…”

“…Aer milling, the nanoparticles were taken for biological studies, followed by different characterization studies as reported in our previous investigations. [27][28][29] The protocol for the preparation of herbal nanoparticles from A. indica leaves is shown in Fig. 1.…”

Wet chemical preparation of herbal nanocomposites from medicinal plant leaves for enhanced coating on textile fabrics with multifunctional properties

“…The peaks observed at 1384 cm −1 attributes to the presence of flavonoids, indicating good antimicrobial activity. Along with the aforementioned peaks the herbal nanoparticles shows additional peaks such as, 1060 cm −1 corresponds to Research Article SN Applied Sciences (2020) 2:700 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2459-z C-N stretching and vibration respectively [45]. The study shows that the herbal nanoparticles synthesised through wet chemical route shows similar functional groups as that of the herbal nanoparticles synthesised through ball milling in our previous study [18].…”