Writers composing multi-sentence texts have immediate access to a visual representation of what they have written. Little is known about the detail of writers' eye movements within this text during production. We describe two experiments in which competent adult writers' eye-movements were tracked while performing short expository writing tasks. These are contrasted with conditions in which participants read and evaluated researcher-provided texts. Writers spent a mean of around 13% of their time looking back into their text. Initiation of these look-back sequences was strongly predicted by linguistically important boundaries in their ongoing production (e.g., writers were much more likely to look back immediately prior to starting a new sentence). 36% of look-back sequences were associated with sustained reading and the remainder with less patterned forward and backward saccades between words ("hopping"). Fixation and gaze durations and the presence of word-length effects suggested lexical processing of fixated words in both reading and hopping sequences. Word frequency effects were not present when writers read their own text. Findings demonstrate the technical possibility and potential value of examining writers' fixations within their just-written text. We suggest that these fixations do not serve solely, or even primarily, in monitoring for error, but play an important role in planning ongoing production. Text production proceeds as a series of bursts of transcription followed by pauses, with pausing more likely to occur at linguistically-significant boundaries -between clauses, sentences or paragraphs -than between or within words (Baaijen, Galbraith, & de Glopper, 2012;Sanders & Schilperoord, 2006;Wengelin, 2006). Mean sentence-initial latencies, for example, are typically in the region of 2s to 3s, but show substantial negative skew, with a non-negligible proportion of sentence-initial pauses being much longer. The cognitive activity that occurs during these pauses is not well understood. It is likely to involve the writer assessing the accuracy and appropriateness of the text-just-written, a function similar to the monitoring that occurs during speech production (Levelt, 1983; Postma, 2000), and planning the content and form of the text that will follow. Both of these functions -monitoring and planning -are potentially supported by the writer looking back at what they have just written. Pauses, at least at sentence boundaries and above, are typically sufficiently long to make it plausible that they are due, at least in part, to writers looking back into their text.Study of readers' eye movements has produced a large body of research on the mechanisms that underlie reading (e.g., Engbert, Longtin, & Kliegl, 2002;Rayner, 1998). Some features of how the eyes move across text are common to most reading contexts. Other features vary according to reader purpose and text characteristics (e.g., Cauchard, Cane, & Weger, 2012;Kaakinen & Hyönä, 2014;Schad, Nuthmann, & Engbert, 2012;Schnitzer & Kowler, 2006). These...