Influence of Average Income on Epidemics of Seasonal Influenza

Saito, Norihiro; Saitô, Satoshi; Itoga, Masamichi; Kayaba, Hiroyuki

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.500

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…All suggest that areas with better economic conditions have higher levels of available health care, higher rates of active medical visits by residents, and PLOS ONE higher rates of influenza diagnosis, which may lead to better economic areas having higher influenza incidence rates. This finding was confirmed by other studies [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Compared to previous influenza studies or known hypotheses, there are also inconsistencies in this study.…”

Section: ) the Influencing Factors Of Influenza Epidemicssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…First, the seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemics. Influenza epidemics in Hubei Province mainly peak in winter during the year, which is similar to many studies in areas such as Israel [39], Spain [15], and Japan [40], and in the mid-latitude region of Hunan Province, China [41]. In addition to the peak outbreak period in winter, there is also a small high incidence period in August in summer, which shows that the influenza epidemic in Hubei Province exhibits certain north-south transition characteristics, which are similar to the epidemiological characteristics of Shanghai [42].…”

Section: ) the Temporal Variation Characteristics Of Influenza Epidemicssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Geographical characteristics and influencing factors of the influenza epidemic in Hubei, China, from 2009 to 2019

Yang,

Gong,

Huang

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease that commonly affects people and has an important impact on public health. Based on influenza incidence data from 103 counties in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2019, this study used time series analysis and geospatial analysis to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the influenza epidemic and its influencing factors. The results reveal significant spatial-temporal clustering of the influenza epidemic in Hubei Province. Influenza mainly occurs in winter and spring of each year (from December to March of the next year), with the highest incidence rate observed in 2019 and an overall upward trend in recent years. There were significant spatial and urban-rural differences in influenza prevalence in Hubei Province, with the eastern region being more seriously affected than the central and western regions, and the urban regions more seriously affected than the rural region. Hubei’s influenza epidemic showed an obvious spatial agglomeration distribution from 2009 to 2019, with the strongest clustering in winter. The hot spot areas of interannual variation in influenza were mainly distributed in eastern and western Hubei, and the cold spot areas were distributed in north-central Hubei. In addition, the cold hot spot areas of influenza epidemics varied from season to season. The seasonal changes in influenza prevalence in Hubei Province are mainly governed by meteorological factors, such as temperature, sunshine, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed. Low temperature, less rain, less sunshine, low wind speed and humid weather will increase the risk of contracting influenza; the interannual changes and spatial differentiation of influenza are mainly influenced by socioeconomic factors, such as road density, number of health technicians per 1,000 population, urbanization rate and population density. The strength of influenza’s influencing factors in Hubei Province exhibits significant spatial variation, but in general, the formation of spatial variation of influenza in Hubei Province is still the result of the joint action of socioeconomic factors and natural meteorological factors. Understanding the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of influenza in Hubei Province and its influencing factors can provide a reasonable decision-making basis for influenza prevention and control and public health development in Hubei Province and can also effectively improve the scientific understanding of the public with respect to influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases to reduce the influenza incidence, which also has reference significance for the prevention and control of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases in other countries or regions.

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