Influence of Atlantic inflow on the freshwater content in the upper layer of the Arctic basin

Алексеев, Г. В.; Pnyushkov, Andrey V.; Smirnov, Alexander; Vyazilova, A. E.; Glok, Natalia

doi:10.30758/0555-2648-2019-65-4-363-388

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The smaller contribution of the 50-100 m layer to the net FWC balance confirms that the es- A pan-arctic FWC 100 pattern in all decades reflects the influence of two primary sources of inflow of salty or fresh waters into the Arctic basin-the Atlantic and Pacific inflows ( [17,35]; Figure 3). Specifically, the influence of the AW inflow is confirmed by high pattern correlations (R > 0.9) calculated for the decadal distributions of FWC 100 and the positions of the upper boundary of the AW layer determined using a zero-degree isotherm, similar to that reported by Alekseev et al [7]. According to this global pattern, FWC gradually increases from Fram Strait-the main gateway for the salty (S > 34.9; [36]) AW to penetrate the Arctic-toward the Canada basin.…”

Section: A Pan-arctic Fwc Patternsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The Arctic Ocean is one of the most significant freshwater reservoirs accumulating about 11% of the global continental runoff [1][2][3]. Along with the continental runoff, the Arctic Ocean's freshwater/salt balance is strongly influenced by inflows from the adjacent sectors of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans [4][5][6][7][8]. Other contributing factors are the influence of atmospheric circulation, moisture transport from the mid-latitudes, sea ice state, and upper ocean currents [6,[9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Interplay between Freshwater Content and Hydrographic Conditions in the Arctic Ocean in the 1990s–2010s

Pnyushkov

Алексеев

Smirnov

2022

JMSE

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We investigated liquid freshwater content (FWC) in the upper 100 m layer of the Arctic Ocean using oceanographic observations covering the period from 1990 through 2018. Our analysis revealed two opposite tendencies in freshwater balance—the freshening in the Canada Basin at the mean rate of 2.04 ± 0.64 m/decade and the salinization of the eastern Eurasian Basin (EB) at the rate of 0.96 ± 0.86 m/decade. In line with this, we found that the Arctic Ocean gained an additional 19,000 ± 1000 km3 of freshwater over the 1990–2018 period. FWC changes in the EB since 1990 demonstrate an intermittent pattern with the most rapid decrease (from ~5.5 to 3.8 m) having occurred between 2000 and 2005. The 1990–2018 FWC changes in the upper ocean were concurrent with prominent changes of the thermohaline properties of the intermediate Atlantic Water (AW)—the main source of salt and heat for the Arctic Basin. In the eastern EB, we found a 50 m rise of the upper AW boundary accompanied by a ~0.5 °C increase in the AW core temperature. The close relationship (R > 0.7 ± 0.2) between available potential energy in the layer above the AW and FWC in the eastern EB suggests a positive feedback mechanism that links the amount of freshwater with the intensity of vertical heat and salt exchange in the halocline and upper AW layers. Together with other mechanisms of Atlantification, this feedback creates a complex picture of interactions behind the observed changes in the hydrological and ice regimes of the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean.

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Section: A Pan-arctic Fwc Patternsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Interplay between Freshwater Content and Hydrographic Conditions in the Arctic Ocean in the 1990s–2010s

Pnyushkov

Алексеев

Smirnov

2022

JMSE

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Variability of surface water hydrochemical characteristics in the Shokalsky strait based on the results of observations at the “Cape Baranov Ice Base” in 2018–2019

Savelieva

Dobrotina

Кузьмин

et al. 2021

Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki

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In connection with the progressing climate change in the Arctic, it is extremely important to conduct systematic long-term monitoring in the high-latitude Arctic. An important place in the network of monitoring stations is occupied by the research Station «Cape Baranov» Ice base», located on Severnaya Zemlya (in the area of the Shokalsky Strait). The article presents the results of hydrochemical observations at the Ice base from December 02, 2018 to July 15, 2019. 35 hydrochemical stations were operated from the ice of the strait in the seawater layer of 0–110 m. A significant temporal variability of the characteristics in the upper layer (0–10 m) has been recorded. Four phases of variability of the hydrochemical parameters (HP) have been identified. In December (phase 1) the HP values indicate the presence of surface waters, the origin of which we associate with the transformed river waters (TRW) of the Ob and Yenisei, coming from the Kara Sea. From January to mid-April (phase 2) the highest salinity levels and homogeneous HP are observed due to intensive vertical mixing of waters in the autumn-winter period. At the end of April — May (phase 3) there is a slight desalination of the surface layer in the Shokalsky Strait, with HP pointing to the presence of TRW. From June to July, 15 (4th phase), there is a sharp decrease in the salinity, an increase in oxygen and pH, as well as a drop in the concentration of all the biogenic elements. Such HPs indicate both additional desalination from ice and snow melting and the beginning of phytoplankton bloom. An estimation has been carried out of the proportion of TRW and waters formed during sea ice melting. The average integral proportion of TRW in the water column is ~ 4 %, and for melt water this indicator is close to zero. The influence of ice formation on the hydrochemical characteristics of the surface layers is most noticeable in the 1st and 3rd phases. During the period of strong desalination of the surface waters (May —July), the TRW proportion can reach 10 % or more. From July, the contribution of the melting of sea ice is comparable to that of TRW.

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Arctic climate warming: discrepancies between global climate models and observations and possible causes

Alekseev

2023

Hydrometeorology and Ecology

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Global climate models are used to predict anthropogenic climate change and to plan social and economic activities under changing climatic conditions. At the same time, there are discrepancies between model projections and observed climate changes, especially in low latitudes and polar regions. One reason for the discrepancy may be insufficient attention to natural forcings on the climate system. Therefore, studies of the role of natural factors in the development of modern warming are relevant for improving the reliability of forecasts for the development of the climatic situation on Earth. Particular attention is paid to the impact of climate change in low latitudes on the Arctic. A significant contribution to these changes can be made by a long-term increase in low-latitude insolation. Most of the low latitudes are occupied by the ocean, which absorbs the bulk of the incoming solar radiation. The contribution of the increase in insolation to the increase in ocean surface temperature at low latitudes is estimated from the available data on insolation of the upper boundary of the atmosphere. The changes in SST at low latitudes are compared according to reanalysis data and calculations of global climate models. Comparison of climate changes in low latitudes and in the Arctic is made. The influence from low latitudes on the reduction in the area of sea ice and the increase in water temperature in the Arctic basin is estimated. Changes in the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean at low latitudes, associated with an increase in insolation, after 3 years are manifested in changes in the characteristics of the climate and sea ice in the Arctic. This indicates the potential for improved global modeling of warming in the Arctic and at low latitudes when taking into account slow changes in radiative forcing at the upper boundary of the atmosphere due to the Earth’s orbital dynamics. Insolation trends at low latitudes are maximum in spring, i.e., in the vicinity of the vernal equinox in the Earth’s orbit. This indicates the influence of precession — a slow shift of the equinox point, when the influx of solar radiation to low latitudes is maximum, to the perihelion, where it will be 3 W/m2more.

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Influence of Atlantic inflow on the freshwater content in the upper layer of the Arctic basin

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

On the Interplay between Freshwater Content and Hydrographic Conditions in the Arctic Ocean in the 1990s–2010s

On the Interplay between Freshwater Content and Hydrographic Conditions in the Arctic Ocean in the 1990s–2010s

Variability of surface water hydrochemical characteristics in the Shokalsky strait based on the results of observations at the “Cape Baranov Ice Base” in 2018–2019

Arctic climate warming: discrepancies between global climate models and observations and possible causes

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