Influence of aqueous aluminium and organic acids on measurement of acid neutralizing capacity in surface waters

Sullivan, Timothy J.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Gherini, Steven A.; Munson, Ronald K.; Cook, Robert B.; Charles, Donald F.; Yatsko, C. P.

doi:10.1038/338408a0

Cited by 89 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The concentration of inorganic monomeric (labile) aluminum (Al,,,), assumed to have a charge of + 2 in the ion balance (Sullivan et al 1989), was calculated from two pH-dependent relationships, derived by multiple regression from the lake survey data:…”

Section: Fish Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many fish populations in Finland are affected by acid precipitation?

Rask¹,

Mannio

Forsius

et al. 1995

Environ Biol Fish

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SynopsisThe number of fish populations affected or lost from small lakes in southern and central Finland due to acid precipitation is estimated. Tolerance limits (pH and labile aluminum) of common fish species were obtained from a fish status survey of 80 lakes. These tolerance values were used to estimate the proportion of affected lakes from the water chemistry data of 783 statistically selected lakes. The proportion of anthropogenically acidified lakes was estimated by calculating pre-acidification pH and aluminum concentrations of the lakes, using a steady-state model based on water chemistry. The number of fish populations for which acidification has affected growth or population structure was estimated at between 2200 and 4400. Out of these, the number of fish populations that have disappeared due to acid precipitation would be about 1000-2000. Almost 60% of the affected or lost populations are roach, Rutilus rutilus, the most sensitive of the common fish species in small lakes in southern and central Finland. Less than 15% of the damaged population is European perch, Perca fi'uviatilis, the most common species. This is due to the substantially higher tolerance of perch to acidified water in comparison with roach.

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Section: Fish Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many fish populations in Finland are affected by acid precipitation?

Rask¹,

Mannio

Forsius

et al. 1995

Environ Biol Fish

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“…Sullivan et al (1989) recently pointed out the influence DOC can have on ANC measurements, indicating the importance of understanding the contribution of DOC to total acidity. However, in aquatic systems with low to moderate DOC levels, effects on acid-base chemistry have not been well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical character and origin of organic acids in streams and seepage lakes of central Maine

David

Vance

1991

Biogeochemistry

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Abstract. Organic acids and inorganic chemistry were examined in seventeen seepage lakes, seven streams, and one seep in central Maine. The objectives of this analysis were to determine the quantity and quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and to assess the relationship between organic and inorganic surface water chemistry. Lakes and streams sampled were dilute (average conductivity of 20.3 pScm-') with a wide range of DOC (125-2593 pmol C L-'). Organic acids in DOC were evaluated by:-DOC fractionation (hydrophobic acids and neutrals, and hydrophilic acids, bases, and neutrals); -DOC isolation followed by FT-IR, base titration, and chemical analyses; -adsorption on solid phase extraction columns; and charge balance studies.All lakes and streams were dominated by hydrophobic and hydrophilic acids (60 to 92% of DOC). Lakes and streams with low DOC had low hydrophobic to hydrophilic acid ratios (ca 1.2-1.3), regardless of pH and acid neutralizing capacities (ANC), compared to lakes and streams with moderate to high DOC concentrations (ca 1.9-2.4). Based on FT-IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis, organic acids were found to be dominated by a strong carboxylic character. Titration data of isolated DOC allowed accurate prediction of organic anions, which were strongly pH dependent (organic anions ranged from 14 to 198peq L-' ). Exchange acidity averaged 11.3, 13.6, and 8.7 peq mg C-' for lake hydrophobic acids, lake hydrophilic acids, and stream hydrophobic acids, respectively.Overall evidence suggested that DOC and organic acid characteristics were related to their carboxylic functional group content and that the nature of these constituents was similar despite the source of origin (upland soils, wetlands, or Sphagnum deposits). Also, contact of soil leachates with B horizons seemed to be a controlling factor in DOC quantity and quality in the lakes and streams studied.

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“…Note for the alkalinity calculations, the contribution of protolytic organic anions is not considered. Weak organic acids can contribute to the alkalinity of water and can be a significant source of alkalinity at low pH values (Sullivan et al 1989). In this paper we examine the apparent contributions of base cation mobilization and strong acid anion removal to porewater alkalinity.…”

Section: Study Site and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porewater acid/base chemistry in near-shore regions of an acidic lake

Schafran

Driscoll

1990

Biogeochemistry

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Abstract. Sediment porewaters in the near-shore region (within 1 m of the shoreline) of an acidic lake (Dart's Lake) were monitored during the summer of 1983 to investigate whether spatial variations in porewater acid/base chemistry were significant in this region of the lake. Previous investigations of Dart's Lake porewaters have indicated that within deeper waters (> 2 m depth), sediment porewaters are elevated in alkalinity relative to overlying lake water. Within the near-shore region, porewaters both considerably more and less acidic than the lake water were observed. Both reduction of strong acid anions (SO:-, NO;) and the mobilization of base cations were significant mechanisms of alkalinity production in porewaters exhibiting reducing conditions. In sediments reflecting oxic conditions, porewaters were generally more acidic than the lakewater. Measurement of groundwater seepage into the lake at the near-shore sites indicated that oxic sites exhibited elevated inputs of groundwater when compared to sites where reducing conditions existed. The acidic porewaters associated with high groundwater flows suggests that groundwater inputs to the lake may be a source of acidity (not alkalinity) on a whole-lake basis.

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Influence of aqueous aluminium and organic acids on measurement of acid neutralizing capacity in surface waters

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

How many fish populations in Finland are affected by acid precipitation?

How many fish populations in Finland are affected by acid precipitation?

Chemical character and origin of organic acids in streams and seepage lakes of central Maine

Porewater acid/base chemistry in near-shore regions of an acidic lake

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