Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels, and clinical characteristics of type III hyperlipoproteinemia due to apolipoprotein E phenotype E2/2 in Japan

Kobori, Shozo; Nakamura, Nobuhisa; Uzawa, Haruo; Shichiri, Motoaki

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(88)90291-2

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Epidemiological data indicate that the frequency of the 3 allele is higher in Japanese and Chinese than in Caucasians, while the frequency of the 4 allele is lower in Asians than Caucasians 3,16) . Our data indicate that the frequency of the 3 allele is quite consistent with previous reports in Japanese 8,11,16,17) , and is slightly higher than that of Icelandic and Hungarian populations and much higher than that in the Finnish population 15) . Our study confirmed that the 4 allele is associated with higher, and the 2 allele is associated with lower, LDL cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in the Japanese Population

Arai

Yamamoto

Matsuzawa

et al. 2007

JAT

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Aim:The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of apolipoprotein E (apo E) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms on serum lipid and homocysteine levels in the general Japanese population. Methods: We analyzed the polymorphisms in individuals randomly selected from among participants of Serum Lipid Survey 2000. Results: The frequency of the 2, 3, and 4 alleles of APOE was 4.2, 85.3, and 10.5%, respectively. Individuals with the genotype 4/ 4 had the highest total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, while those with 2/ 2 had the lowest. Individuals with the 2/ 2 and 2/ 4 genotypes had higher remnant-like particles (RLP)-cholesterol levels than those with 2 3, 3 3, and 3 4. There was a trend for individuals with the 2/ 4 and 2/ 2 genotypes to have higher triglyceride levels, although the difference was not significant. The presence of the T allele in a MTHFR polymorphism (C667T) was associated with higher homocysteine levels, which is more prominent in men than in women. Conclusion: Thus in our large-scale analysis we have shown that RLP-cholesterol is better associated with APOE genotype than triglyceride and the effect of the T allele on MTHFR polymorphism (C667T) homocysteine levels is more prominent in men than in women among Japanese.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in the Japanese Population

Arai

Yamamoto

Matsuzawa

et al. 2007

JAT

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“…It has been suggested that the magnitude of the population effect of the ⑀4 allele on LDL-cholesterol concentrations is directly related to dietary cholesterol and fat consumption (27,28). In the populations surveyed by Dallongeville et al (10), such a relationship for plasma triglycerides is unclear, although the effect appears to be small in Japan (29)(30)(31). By contrast, among obese individuals (who presumably consume more fat) having an ⑀4 allele has been shown to increase the risk of hypertriglyceridemia (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged postprandial responses of lipids and apolipoproteins in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of individuals expressing an apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele.

Bergeron¹,

Havel²

1996

J. Clin. Invest.

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The postprandial responses of apo B48, B100, E and lipids in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) to a meal containing one-third of daily energy (39% fat calories) were compared in normolipidemic young men with apo E3/3 and apo E4/3 phenotypes. After the two groups consumed a diet rich in polyunsaturated fat for 15-29 d, their postabsorptive concentrations of TRL triglycerides, apo B48, and apo B100 were virtually identical, but their postprandial responses differed. In both groups, TRL apo B48 increased at 3 h but returned to postabsorptive values at 6 h only in the apo E3/3 group; in the apo E4/3 group the concentration of apo B48 at 6 h was 80% higher than postabsorptive values. TRL apo B100 also increased at 3 h in the two groups and fell to postabsorptive values at 6 h in the apo E3/3 group but remained 51% higher than postabsorptive concentrations in the apo E4/3 group; this response was closely coupled to that of TRL cholesterol and apo E.

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“…Apo E genotypes may also affect LDL apo B variability [24], but the average effects of the apo E alleles on apo B levels appear to vary in different populations [25]. The apo E4 allele predisposes to higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol [3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11]14,16] and occurs at a higher frequency in familial hypercholesterolemia (PH) patients [26] and in patients with CAD [4,20,27]. The apo E4 allele effect on LDL cholesterol, however, has been shown to be independent of LDL receptor status, although the magnitude of the effect is greatest in PH [28].…”

Section: Genetic Factors Affecting Lipoprotein Response To Hypocholesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three major allelic forms of apo E (apo E2, apo E3, and apo E4) create three homozygous phenotypes (apo E2I2, apo E3/3, and apo E4/4) and three heterozygous phenotypes (apo E3/2, apo E4/3, and apo E412). Apo E3 (78%) is the most common form while apo E4 (14%) and apo E2 (7%) are variants.The influence of apo E isoform phenotypes on lipid and lipoprotein levels [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], as well as atherosclerosis risk [8,[18][19][20][21][22][23], is well documented. Sing and Davignon [3] have reported that as much as 16% of the total variation in LDL cholesterol levels in the population may be associated with allelic differences in the apo E gene.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diet-gene interactions in human lipoprotein metabolism.

Dreon¹,

Krauss²

1997

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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Genetic variation can influence the effects of hypocholesterolemic dietary interventions on lipoproteins involved in coronary artery disease (CAD). Individuals with the E4 allelic variant of the apo E gene exhibit greater low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reductions on low-fat, low-cholesterol diets than subjects with other alleles. Another apolipoprotein structural variant, apo A-IV-2, attenuates the response of LDL cholesterol to dietary cholesterol. Other studies have associated lipoprotein response to dietary modifications with DNA polymorphisms in the genes for apo B and the LDL receptor, and in the promoter region of the apo A-I gene. Studies in our laboratory involving variation in dietary fat and carbohydrate intake have demonstrated that alleles at the apo E gene locus are associated with changes in large, buoyant but not smaller, denser LDL subclasses. On the other hand, a low-fat diet induces a reduction in small, dense LDL in individuals with a genetically influenced metabolic profile characterized by a predominance of these particles. Moreover, reductions in LDL cholesterol and apo B in these subjects are greater than in the majority of subjects with larger LDL. Since in humans a predominance of small LDL signifies a higher risk for coronary artery disease than that associated with larger LDL, metabolic and genetic factors contributing to the small LDL trait may account for a substantial portion of the coronary risk benefit attributed to reduced-fat diets. Studies in large population groups or in suitable animal models will be necessary to determine the impact of genetic influences on dietary response affecting lipoprotein metabolism and their interactions with other environmental and hormonal factors.

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Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels, and clinical characteristics of type III hyperlipoproteinemia due to apolipoprotein E phenotype E2/2 in Japan

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in the Japanese Population

Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in the Japanese Population

Prolonged postprandial responses of lipids and apolipoproteins in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of individuals expressing an apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele.

Diet-gene interactions in human lipoprotein metabolism.

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