Influence of antiretroviral therapy on liver disease

Kovari, Helen; Weber, Rainer

doi:10.1097/coh.0b013e3283473405

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…[7][8][9][10]20 It is unlikely that a greater exposure to these drugs could explain the lower risk of MI in those with high ALT levels for 2 reasons. First, if this were to explain our findings, the drugs that are most likely to cause ALT elevations would also have to be associated with a reduced MI risk; the only antiretroviral drug where this might plausibly be the case is nevirapine, which is associated with a more favorable lipid profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association Between ALT Level and the Rate of Cardio/Cerebrovascular Events in HIV-Positive Individuals

Sabin¹,

Ryom

Kovari

et al. 2013

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association Between ALT Level and the Rate of Cardio/Cerebrovascular Events in HIV-Positive Individuals

Sabin¹,

Ryom

Kovari

et al. 2013

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that HIV patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy have a greater risk of venous thromboembolism events, compared to age-matched control. 21 Thus, we also assessed the risk of PVT in the subgroup of IPH patients without HIV infection. Interestingly, VB at diagnosis of IPH remained as an independent predictive factor of PVT in non-HIV IPH patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic portal hypertension: Natural history and long-term outcome

et al. 2014

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Idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is a rare cause of intrahepatic portal hypertension. Data on natural history and prognosis of IPH are limited. We sought to describe the complications and long-tem outcome of IPH by retrospectively studying 69 biopsyproven cases of IPH. Mean duration of follow-up was 6.7 6 4.6 years. All patients had evidence of portal hypertension (PH) at diagnosis, and 42% were symptomatic. Variceal bleeding (VB) was the most common manifestation. In those without bleeding at diagnosis, 74% had varices at first endoscopy. In those with large varices, the 1-year probability of first bleeding despite primary prophylaxis was 9%. The 1-year probability of rebleeding was 22%. Ascites and hepatic encephalopathy was documented in 26% and 7% of patients, respectively, at least once during the clinical course. The 1-year probability of developing portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was 9%, and 53% of patients receiving anticoagulation achieved recanalization. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and VB at diagnosis were the independent predictors of PVT. Seven patients died (6 as a result of an IPH-related cause) and 2 were transplanted. Probability of liver transplantation-free survival was 82% at 10 years. Presence of a severe associated disorder and ascites as a presenting symptom were associated with poor survival. Conclusion: Variceal bleeding is a major complication of IPH. Using, in IPH patients, the same management approach for PH as in cirrhosis is safe and maintains a low incidence of first bleeding and rebleeding in IPH patients. PVT is a frequent complication, particularly in those with HIV infection. Despite several complications, overall survival of patients with IPH is considerably good. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:2276-2285

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“…However, the less severe form, namely minor neurocognitive motor disorder (MCMD), remains to be a significant problem [39,40]. Despite antiretroviral effects, the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs has been associated with the development of several adverse events, such as increased cardiovascular risk [41], hepatotoxicity [42], and renal toxicity [43]. Emerging evidence showing activated autophagy, along with the use of ART, suggests that autophagy could be another mechanism that is affected by these classes of drugs.…”

Section: Autophagy and Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Autophagy in HIV Pathogenesis and Drug Abuse

et al. 2016

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Autophagy is a highly regulated process in which excessive cytoplasmic materials are captured and degraded during deprivation conditions. The unique nature of autophagy that clears invasive microorganisms has made it an important cellular defense mechanism in a variety of clinical situations. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that autophagy is extensively involved in the pathology of HIV-1. To ensure survival of the virus, HIV-1 viral proteins modulate and utilize autophagy pathway so that biosynthesis of the virus is maximized. At the same time, the abuse of illicit drugs such as methamphetamine, cocaine, morphine, and alcohol is thought to be a significant risk factor for the acquirement and progression of HIV-1. During drug-induced toxicity, autophagic activity has been proved to be altered in various cell types. Here we review the current literature on the interaction between autophagy, HIV-1, and drug abuse, and discuss the complex role of autophagy during HIV-1 pathogenesis in co-exposure to illicit drugs.

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Influence of antiretroviral therapy on liver disease

Cited by 42 publications

References 59 publications

Association Between ALT Level and the Rate of Cardio/Cerebrovascular Events in HIV-Positive Individuals

Association Between ALT Level and the Rate of Cardio/Cerebrovascular Events in HIV-Positive Individuals

Idiopathic portal hypertension: Natural history and long-term outcome

Role of Autophagy in HIV Pathogenesis and Drug Abuse

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