Influence of anticancer agents on sexual function: An in vivo study based on the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

Abstract

Background: Patients with cancer are treated with chemotherapeutics that cause adverse effects, including erectile dysfunction (ED). Objectives:We investigated erectile function in rats after the administration of anticancer agents based on data retrieved through mining of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database. Materials and methods:The statistical signal strength for the association between anticancer drugs and ED was calculated using the reporting odds ratio (ROR). A drugevent combination was detected when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the ROR exceeded 1.00. Rats were administered anticancer agents detected in the FDA AERS analysis. Erectile function was assessed using intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) analysis after electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Statistical significance was determined using Welch's t-test or two-way ANOVA.

Evaluating the Effects of Low Carbohydrate and High Protein Diet on Erectile Function in Rats

“…Intracavernous pressure (ICP) was measured by electrical stimulation as previously reported. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 Briefly, rats from each group (n = 8) were anaesthetized with isoflurane using inhalation anesthesia apparatus. The carotid artery was cannulated for continuous monitoring of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the left crus of the CC was cannulated using a 23-G needle for continuous ICP monitoring.…”

“…Relaxation and contractile responses of CC was measured using isometric tension measurement, as previously reported (n = 11). 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 The harvested CC strips (n = 16) were equilibrated for at least 60 minutes in an aerated organ bath containing Kreb's solution (119 mM NaCl, 4.6 mM KCl, 1.5 mM CaCl 2 , 1.2 mM MgCl 2 , 15 mM NaHCO 3 , 11 mM d -glucose, and 1.2 mM NaH 2 PO 4 ) at 37°C with 5% CO 2 and 95% O 2 . The resting force for tissue was set at 600 mg, and changes in isometric tension were recorded using a force transducer (Nihon Kohden) that was connected to a data acquisition board (PowerLab 4/26).…”

“…Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed as previously reported. 11 , 12 , 13 Total RNA was extracted from CC samples using TriPure Isolation Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Using a ReverTra Ace-α kit (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan) and 1 µg of total RNA was reverse transcribed into complementary DNA, which served as the template for real-time PCR using the Power SYBR PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Gosha-Jinki-Gan Improved Erectile Dysfunction Caused by Anti-Cancer Agent Oxaliplatin by Decreasing Transcriptional Expression of Phosphodiesterase-5 in Rats

“…Intracavernos pressure (ICP) was measured by electrical stimulation as previously reported. 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 Rats from each group were briefly anesthetized using isoflurane (Mylan, Canonsburg, PA, USA) using inhalation anesthesia apparatus (Nakazawa Seisaku-sho, Funabashi, Japan). The carotid artery was cannulated for continuous monitoring of the mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the left crus of the corpus cavernosum was cannulated using a 23-G needle for continuous ICP monitoring.…”

“…Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed as previously reported. 10 , 13 , 17 Total RNA was extracted from corpus cavernosum samples using TriPure Isolation Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Using a ReverTra Ace-α kit (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan), 1 µg of total RNA was reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA, which served as the template for qRT-PCR performed using the KAPA SYBR Fast qPCR Kit (Roche, Pleasanton, CA, USA).…”