Influence of Anthropometrics on Step-Rate Thresholds for Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity in Older Adults: Scientific Modeling Study

O’Brien, Myles W.; Kivell, Matthew J; Wojcik, William Robert; d'Entremont, Ghislain; Kimmerly, Derek S.; Fowles, Jonathon R.

doi:10.2196/12363

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Abt et al [ 22 ] reported that sex (a reasonable proxy indicator of stature) did not significantly affect the cadence-intensity relationship in a sample of 20 young adults. In samples of adults older than that studied herein, Serrano et al [ 40 ] and O’Brien et al [ 41 ] reported that body weight explained 13%, and BMI and METs together (variance of BMI alone was not reported) explained 77% of the observed variance, respectively, of the cadence-intensity relationship (moderate intensity was defined by ≥40%VO 2 reserve and ≥ 40%MET max ) and that height, leg length or stride length showed no influence. Herein, the inclusion of sex, leg length, or BMI did not improve the variance explained by the segmented regression models in each age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study

McAvoy

Moore

Aguiar

et al. 2021

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Heuristic cadence (steps/min) thresholds of ≥100 and ≥ 130 steps/min correspond with absolutely-defined moderate (3 metabolic equivalents [METs]; 1 MET = 3.5 mL O2·kg− 1·min− 1) and vigorous (6 METs) intensity, respectively. Scarce evidence informs cadence thresholds for relatively-defined moderate (≥ 64% heart rate maximum [HRmax = 220-age], ≥ 40%HR reserve [HRR = HRmax -HRresting, and ≥ 12 Rating of Perceived Exertion [RPE]); or vigorous intensity (≥ 77%HRmax, ≥ 60%HRR, and ≥ 14 RPE). Purpose To identify heuristic cadence thresholds corresponding with relatively-defined moderate and vigorous intensity in 21–60-year-olds. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 157 adults (40.4 ± 11.5 years; 50.6% men) completed up to twelve 5-min treadmill bouts, beginning at 0.5 mph and increasing by 0.5 mph. Steps were directly observed, HR was measured with chest-worn monitors, and RPE was queried in the final minute of each bout. Segmented mixed model regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses identified optimal cadence thresholds, stratified by age (21–30, 31–40, 41–50, and 51–60 years). Reconciliation of the two analytical models, including trade-offs between sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy, yielded final heuristic cadences. Results Across all moderate intensity indicators, the segmented regression models estimated optimal cadence thresholds ranging from 123.8–127.5 (ages 21–30), 121.3–126.0 (ages 31–40), 117.7–122.7 (ages 41–50), and 113.3–116.1 steps/min (ages 51–60). Corresponding values for vigorous intensity were 140.3–144.1, 140.2–142.6, 139.3–143.6, and 131.6–132.8 steps/min, respectively. ROC analysis estimated chronologically-arranged age groups’ cadence thresholds ranging from 114.5–118, 113.5–114.5, 104.6–112.9, and 103.6–106.0 across all moderate intensity indicators, and 127.5, 121.5, 117.2–123.2, and 113.0 steps/min, respectively, for vigorous intensity. Conclusions Heuristic cadence thresholds corresponding to relatively-defined moderate intensity for the chronologically-arranged age groups were ≥ 120, 120, 115, and 105 steps/min, regardless of the intensity indicator (i.e., % HRmax, %HRR, or RPE). Corresponding heuristic values for vigorous intensity indicators were ≥ 135, 130, 125, and 120 steps/min. These cadences are useful for predicting/programming intensity aligned with age-associated differences in physiological response to, and perceived experiences of, moderate and/or vigorous intensity. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02650258. Registered 24 December 2015.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study

McAvoy

Moore

Aguiar

et al. 2021

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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“…Physical activity intensity was determined using step rate thresholds for younger 13 and older adults. 14 All habitual sedentary and physical activity data were analyzed by a researcher blinded to participant popliteal outcomes. Our analysis program has previously demonstrated excellent inter-observer reliability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of habitual sedentary patterns on popliteal artery endothelial-dependent vasodilation in healthy adults

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Acute, laboratory-based bouts of prolonged sitting attenuate lower-limb arterial endothelial-dependent vasodilation. However, the impact of habitual sedentary patterns on popliteal artery endothelial health is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that greater habitual total sedentary time, more time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts, and fewer sedentary breaks would be associated with worse popliteal flow-mediated dilation (FMD) responses. Methods: This cross-sectional study used 98 healthy participants (19–77 years, 53 females) that wore an activPAL monitor on the thigh for 6.4 ± 0.8 days to objectively measure sedentary activity and completed a popliteal ultrasound assessment to determine FMD. Both relative (%baseline diameter) and absolute (mm) FMD were calculated. Using bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses, we examined if there were relationships between sedentary outcomes and FMD while statistically controlling for any potential confounders. Results: In the multiple regression model, age ( p = 0.006, β = −0.030, 95% CI = −0.051, −0.009) and total time in sedentary bouts > 1 hour ( p = 0.031, β = −0.005, 95% CI = −0.009, −0.001) were independent predictors of relative FMD. Age (β = −0.002, 95% CI = −0.003, −0.001), mean blood flow (β = 0.013, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.024), moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 155.9E−5, 95% CI = 22.4E−5, 289.4E−5), sedentary breaks (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.007, 0.066), and total time spent in sedentary bouts > 1 hour (β = −25.02E−5, 95% CI = −47.67E−5, −2.378E−5) were predictors of absolute FMD (all, p < 0.047). All independent outcomes remained significant after partially controlling for all other predictor variables (all, p < 0.031). Conclusions: Habitual prolonged sedentary bouts and sedentary breaks, but not total sedentary time, were predictors of popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilatory function. The patterns by which sedentary time is accumulated may be more important than the total sedentary time on lower-limb arterial health.

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“…Quantitative measures include tracking total average steps per day for a week via a Step RX pedometer (Steps Count, StepRX, Ontario, Canada) [ 33 ]. A minimum of four consecutive days of wear-time had to be obtained to be considered as a valid measure [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential value of home square-stepping exercises for inactive older adults: an exploratory case study

Lees

Edwards²,

McCain³

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background Most older adults do not engage in regular physical activity. However, more research on options to partake in regular exercise in this population by reducing barriers and enhancing enablers while still reaching benefits is needed. Methods Using embedded mixed methods, 10 inactive older adults over the age of 65 completed a 3-week square-stepping exercise intervention to help overcome the initial barriers and activate initial enablers to perform regular exercise. Physical activity level was tracked at home with a pedometer using median steps/day over seven days for pre-post measure. Aerobic intensity while doing square-stepping exercises was quantified via a heart rate monitor in a supervised session. Each participant had an interview asking about barriers and enablers to regular exercise and if the intervention could modify any. Based on initial physical activity a framework matrix was used to pull potential barriers to compare, contrast, and search for patterns between participants with lower and higher initial physical activity levels. Results The 3-week square-stepping exercise intervention helped participants overcome barriers such as being uncomfortable in a fitness facility and body image and activate enablers such as the use of home equipment and convenience. The median total steps/day increased by 12% (p = 0.02), and a moderate-intensity level was reached by 80% of the sample participants when performing the square stepping exercise during a supervised session. Common barriers such as having a suitable program, hard to keep the intensity were reported by participants regardless of the initial physical activity level. Conclusion Regardless of initial physical activity level, inactive older adults can increase physical activity level at the recommended intensity and overcome common barriers to exercise when performing square-stepping exercises, especially for those intimidated by a fitness facility setting and those concerned with their body image. A longer intervention including more participants using the square-stepping exercises is required to understand if square-stepping exercises can increase the proportion of older adults exercising regularly.

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Influence of Anthropometrics on Step-Rate Thresholds for Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity in Older Adults: Scientific Modeling Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study

Cadence (steps/min) and relative intensity in 21 to 60-year-olds: the CADENCE-adults study

Impact of habitual sedentary patterns on popliteal artery endothelial-dependent vasodilation in healthy adults

Potential value of home square-stepping exercises for inactive older adults: an exploratory case study

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