Influence of antecedent hydrologic conditions on patterns of hydrochemical export from a first-order agricultural watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada

Macrae, Merrin L.; English, Michael; Schiff, Sherry L.; Stone, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.034

Cited by 82 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Many studies show that antecedent moisture conditions influence nutrient export from river basins (Burt and Worrall, 2009;Garrett, 2012;Macrae et al, 2010;Soulsby et al, 2003;Vecchia et al, 2008;Lucey and Goolsby, 1993). Commonly, studies document increased nutrient export following a prolonged dry period (Foster and Walling, 1978;Macrae et al, 2010), though some studies have observed the opposite effect when considering only more recent antecedent conditions (Creed and Band, 1998;Macrae et al, 2010;Welsch et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin

Murphy

Hirsch

Sprague

2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.The relationship between antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations was explored at eight sites in the 2.9 million square kilometers (km 2 ) Mississippi River basin, USA. Antecedent flow conditions were quantified as the ratio between the mean daily flow of the previous year and the mean daily flow from the period of record (Qratio), and the Qratio was statistically related to nitrate anomalies (the unexplained variability in nitrate concentration after filtering out season, long-term trend, and contemporaneous flow effects) at each site. Nitrate anomaly and Qratio were negatively related at three of the four major tributary sites and upstream in the Mississippi River, indicating that when mean daily streamflow during the previous year was lower than average, nitrate concentrations were higher than expected. The strength of these relationships increased when data were subdivided by contemporaneous flow conditions. Five of the eight sites had significant negative relationships (p ≤ 0.05) at high or moderately high contemporaneous flows, suggesting nitrate that accumulates in these basins during a drought is flushed during subsequent high flows. At half of the sites, when mean daily flow during the previous year was 50 percent lower than average, nitrate concentration can be from 9 to 27 percent higher than nitrate concentrations that follow a year with average mean daily flow. Conversely, nitrate concentration can be from 8 to 21 percent lower than expected when flow during the previous year was 50 percent higher than average. Previously documented for small, relatively homogenous basins, our results suggest that relationships between antecedent flows and nitrate concentrations are also observable at a regional scale. Relationships were not observed (using all contemporaneous flow data together) for basins larger than 1 million km 2 , suggesting that above this limit the overall size and diversity within these basins may necessitate the use of more complicated statistical approaches or that there may be no discernible basin-wide relationship with antecedent flow. The relationships between nitrate concentration and Qratio identified in this study serve as the basis for future studies that can better define specific hydrologic processes occurring during and after a drought (or high flow period) which influence nitrate concentration, such as the duration or magnitude of low flows, and the timing of low and high flows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin

Murphy

Hirsch

Sprague

2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variation among irrigations in sediment losses, for example, underscores the need for multiple measurements throughout an irrigation season to adequately characterize season-long erosion responses to irrigation (Garcia et al 2008;Verbree et al 2010). At a larger scale, Macrae et al (2010) also found that the export of DRP and NO 3 -N from an agricultural watershed varied greatly throughout a two-year study.Some of our findings in table 5 are similar to those reported by others who studied simulated rainfall and, in one case, much smaller experimental plots-those with areas ≤2 m 2 (≤43 ft 2 ). Gilley and Eghball (1998) reported that neither compost nor manure affected runoff or sediment losses when measured immediately after incorporating amendments by hand.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Little research, in contrast, has studied changes in nutrient losses through longer time periods. Measuring runoff volumes and nutrient losses repeatedly through one or more growing seasons is needed (1) to adequately characterize constituent losses from manure or compost applications to agricultural areas across multiple time scales (Eghball et al 2002;Miller et al 2006;Macrae et al 2010); and (2) to document the effects of progressive seal and crust development in tilled soil (Neave and Rayburg 2007).Corn (Zea mays L.) silage yields and N uptake from the current study have been reported earlier (Lehrsch and Kincaid 2007). Yields in 2000 were similar among all rates of both amendments and the control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nutrient loads and sediment losses in sprinkler irrigation runoff affected by compost and manure

Lehrsch¹,

Lentz²,

Westermann³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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High water application rates beneath the outer spans of center pivot sprinkler systems can cause runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses, particularly from sloping fields. This field study determined runoff, sediment losses, and nutrient loads (dissolved organic carbon [C], nitrate-nitrogen [NO 3 -N], ammonium-nitrogen [NH 4 -N], total phosphorus [TP], ferric-oxide strip phosphorus [FeO P], dissolved reactive phosphorus [DRP], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], and sodium [Na]) in sprinkler runoff for two years after a single application of either stockpiled or composted dairy manure. We studied five treatments, including a nonamended control, in each of six blocks, with each block situated under a different span of a low-pressure, moving-lateral sprinkler system. In October of 1999, we incorporated 29.1 Mg ha -1 (13 tn ac Additional nonmonitored irrigations were made as needed to produce corn (Zea mays L.) silage each year. At 15 to 30 minute intervals after runoff began, we measured runoff rates and collected runoff samples to determine sediment and constituent losses for each monitored irrigation. None of the amendment treatments significantly affected runoff, sediment losses, or loads of dissolved organic C, NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, TP, FeO P, or Mg when averaged across irrigations. Without exception, runoff, sediment losses, and loads of every measured constituent varied among irrigations after accounting for differences in water applied. Treatments influenced DRP, K, and Ca runoff loads. Loads of Ca decreased, but Na increased with increasing manure application rates. Relative to the control, manure DRP loads were five to six times greater, whereas compost DRP loads were similar. Key words: center pivot-erosion-infiltration-nutrient losses-runoff-sprinkler irrigationSprinkler irrigation predominantly with center pivots is a common and rapidly expanding practice in the irrigated West. In 2008, nearly three-fourths of the irrigated land in the Pacific Northwest was irrigated with sprinklers (NASS 2010). More than 97% of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growers in Idaho use sprinklers to irrigate their crops (Pehrson et al. 2010). Irrigation with moving-lateral systems, including center pivots, is growing worldwide. Moving-lateral systems are commonly replacing surface irrigation systems in the irrigated western United States. In more humid areas of the United States and the world, moving-lateral systems are being installed and used to supplement rainfall at critical crop growth stages or during times of drought (Frank 2001).As sprinkler-irrigated land area increases, concern arises over the transport of nutrients in runoff-particularly from beneath pivot outer spans-to nearby water courses (Alva et al. 2005;Lentz and Lehrsch 2010;Wilcock et al. 2011). Nitrogen (N) and P are important constituents of sediment and organic matter transported offsite in irrigation runoff (Heathwaite and Johnes 1996). As such, the N and P cause or accentuate eutrophication of surface waters (Correll 1998). One must r...

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“…This is generally not the case (Shaw and Riha, 2011) and almost definitely not true for areas where the process of runoff production is governed by VSA hydrology ). Besides precipitation, antecedent soil moisture conditions also influence runoff generation significantly, often in complex ways (Macrae et al, 2010). Because it is derived from the traditional SCS-CN method, Eq.2 faces the same challenge, i.e., the risk that a given fraction of a watershed will generate runoff needs to be linked to both the precipitation amount and antecedent wetness conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving risk estimates of runoff producing areas: Formulating variable source areas as a bivariate process

Cheng

Shaw

Marjerison

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Management

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Influence of antecedent hydrologic conditions on patterns of hydrochemical export from a first-order agricultural watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada

Cited by 82 publications

References 42 publications

Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin

Antecedent flow conditions and nitrate concentrations in the Mississippi River basin

Nutrient loads and sediment losses in sprinkler irrigation runoff affected by compost and manure

Improving risk estimates of runoff producing areas: Formulating variable source areas as a bivariate process

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