Influence of annealing on Fe-doped TiO2 powders using co-precipitation technique

Abstract

Abstract. The influence of thermal annealing to TiO2 nanopowders doped with Fe atoms was investigated using coprecipitation method. Fe-doped TiO2 nanopowders were prepared using a cold titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and FeCl3. The samples were annealed at various temperatures from 200 o C to 500 o C during 60 minutes. Based on the X-Ray Diffraction results showed that the grain size of Fe:TiO2 nanopowders increased as annealing temperature was increased. This was due to the reducing of FWHM values in the X-RD spectra. FTIR results showed that the spectra were observed at 3417 cm -1 , 2358 cm -1 , 1645 cm -1 , and 518 cm -1 indicating the bond functional groups of O-H bond, C-O bond, O-H bond, and Fe-O bond, respectively. The agglomeration of Fe:TiO2 nanopowders into a large cluster were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) when the samples were annealed at 500 o C.

Synthesis, Characterization and Photoelectric Properties of Fe2O3 Incorporated TiO2 Photocatalyst Nanocomposites

“…From morphology studies, it is clear that the decrease in grain size results in an increase in the surface area of the synthesized material and produces more active sites for adsorption of target contaminant and thus attacked by reactive oxygen species, which will be discussed later in this study. A similar type of decreasing particles size with an increasing percentage of incorporating was observed by Gareso et al [18]. Moreover, it is also observed that the decrease in particle size with Fe dopant can make the synthesized catalyst a potential candidate for various photocatalysis and sensing applications.…”

“…In the literature, there are a variety of approaches for synthesizing Fe-doped TiO 2 NPs such as the hydrothermal method [10], thermal hydrolysis [15], wet-chemical synthesis [16], and sol-gel method [17]. The influence of annealing at different temperatures was also studied by Gareso et al [18] using the co-precipitation method. Rodriguez and co-workers [19] used the sol-gel technique for the synthesis of Fe-incorporated TiO 2 and observed a decrease in the optical bandgap from 3.3 eV to 2.9 eV with enhanced absorption in the visible region as the incorporating concentration of Fe increases.…”

Defect‐mediated optical properties of Fe‐substituted TiO2 nanoparticles

“…The peaks at 1383 and 1170 cm −1 exhibit C─O stretching vibration due to Lewis acidity and residual organic 25,30 . The transmittance bands between 400 and 1200 cm −1 had peaks about 588, 667, 968, and 1159 cm −1 due to Ti─O and Ti─O─Ti vibrations 19,32 . As the iron doping increases, the surface hydroxylation also increases, which also reveals in spectrum of higher % absorbance 33,34 .…”

“…25,30 The transmittance bands between 400 and 1200 cm −1 had peaks about 588, 667, 968, and 1159 cm −1 due to Ti─O and Ti─O─Ti vibrations. 19,32 As the iron doping increases, the surface hydroxylation also increases, which also reveals in spectrum of higher % absorbance. 33,34 These bands may be due to metal-oxygen (Ti─O, Fe─O) bonds.…”