Influence of annealing atmosphere for controlling oxygen vacancies of PVP-capped TiO2 nanoparticles

Enhanced electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia using plasma‐induced oxygen vacancies in CoTiO3 − x nanofiber

“…As observed, compared with CoTiO 3 , CoTiO 3 − x presents a significant resonance EPR signal of V O located at g = 2.005 (Figure 1i). [ 49 ] All of the above results indicate the successful preparation of CoTiO 3 − x with V O .…”

Durable Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia over Defective Pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5Nanofibers with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies

“…This is probably because Vo tends to be induced by highreducibility Fe 3 + randomly replacing quadrivalent Ti 4 + (Figure S6) and meanwhile the use of polymer precursor in electrospinning also favors the formation of Vo during the sintering process. [30,[33][34][35][36] Figure 2c shows Raman spectrum of…”

Durable Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia over Defective Pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5Nanofibers with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies

“…Figure 1a shows the schematic synthetic procedure of the Fe 2 TiO 5 nanofibers (FTO‐E) by an electrospinning method, by which uniform and continuous fibers with diameters ranging from 300 to 400 nm are obtained (Figure 1b and c). The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) used in the preparation process facilitates the introduction of Vos because charge is apt to transfer from the functional group of PVP to the metal ion complex which results in the formation of surface defects [30] . In addition, the random substitution of Fe 3+ to Ti 4+ is also possible to increase Vos in the material.…”

“…Besides, the larger amplitude of ESR signal indicates more Vos are created in FTO‐E compared to those in FTO‐H. This is probably because Vo tends to be induced by high‐reducibility Fe 3+ randomly replacing quadrivalent Ti 4+ (Figure S6) and meanwhile the use of polymer precursor in electrospinning also favors the formation of Vo during the sintering process [30, 33–36] . Figure 2c shows Raman spectrum of FTO‐H with five major Raman scattering peaks at 227.0, 293.2, 412.3, 610.5, and 659.7 cm −1 , consistent with the previous report [37] .…”

“…The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) used in the preparation process facilitates the introduction of Vos because charge is apt to transfer from the functional group of PVP to the metal ion complex which results in the formation of surface defects. [30] In addition, the random substitution of Fe 3 + to Ti 4 + is also possible to increase Vos in the material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of FTO nanoparticles prepared by the hydrothermal method (FTO-H) is presented in Figure S1.…”