Influence of angular acceleration–deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains

Yoganandan, Narayan; Lǐ, Jiànróng; Zhang, Jiangyue; Pintar, Frank A.; Gennarelli, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.019

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Detailed biomechanical and heuristics studies consistently show the vulnerability of WM, particularly the CC and longcoursing fasciculi, especially within frontotemporal regions. [8][9][10][11][12] DTI abnormalities within the CC in patients with TBI have been well documented in both the acute and chronic phase of injury. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Because of the ease with which the CC can be delineated by MR imaging as a region of interest along with being the largest commissural fiber tract in the brain, the CC is also the most widely investigated WM brain structure in TBI.…”

Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxel-Based Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents

Chu¹,

Wilde²,

Hunter³

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

168

101

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Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxel-Based Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents

Chu¹,

Wilde²,

Hunter³

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

168

101

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“…[12][13][14]17,20,28,31,32,49,52,57,58,74,85,87 Falls in ice hockey are typically characterized by the mass of the head impacting a rigid impact surface, 25 resulting in high magnitude and short duration linear and rotational acceleration. 12,53,54,59 Such an event is reflected in the current ice hockey certification standard as it aims to replicate the injurious impact events examined by Gurdjian et al 18 which involved an animal model and cadaver head drops to a rigid surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

et al. 2016

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Publication AbstractIn ice hockey, concussions can occur as a result of many different types of impact events, however hockey helmets are certified using a single injury scenario, involving drop tests to a rigid surface. The purpose of this study is to measure the protective capacity of ice hockey helmets for different impact events in ice hockey. A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III headform were impacted simulating falls, elbow, shoulder and puck impacts in ice hockey.Linear and rotational acceleration and maximum principal strain (MPS) were measured. A comparison of helmeted and unhelmeted impacts found significant differences existed in most conditions (p<0.05), however some shoulder and puck impacts showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Impacts to the ice hockey helmet tested resulted in acceleration levels below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s, elbow collisions, and low velocity puck impacts but not for shoulder collisions or high velocity puck impacts and falls. The helmet tested reduced MPS below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s but not for the other impact events across all velocities and locations. This suggests that the ice hockey helmet tested is unable to reduce engineering parameters below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for impact conditions which do not represent a drop against a rigid surface.

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“…This is an important gap in knowledge especially since impact biomechanics of the brain is by-and-large a transient phenomenon, spanning a few to a hundred milliseconds [22,31]. Previous studies have shown a strong dependence of brain motion and deformation on the frequency of the input loading [32][33][34][35][36]. Margulies et al showed that the maximum strain induced in a brain surrogate material had a strong dependence on the frequency of the applied head motion with peak values occurring near 25 Hz [37,38].…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Insights into Human Brain Impact Dynamics through Modal Analysis

et al. 2018

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Although concussion is one of the greatest health challenges today, our physical understanding of the cause of injury is limited. In this Letter, we simulated football head impacts in a finite element model and extracted the most dominant modal behavior of the brain's deformation. We showed that the brain's deformation is most sensitive in low frequency regimes close to 30 Hz, and discovered that for most subconcussive head impacts, the dynamics of brain deformation is dominated by a single global mode. In this Letter, we show the existence of localized modes and multimodal behavior in the brain as a hyperviscoelastic medium. This dynamical phenomenon leads to strain concentration patterns, particularly in deep brain regions, which is consistent with reported concussion pathology. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.138101 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States, contributing to about 30% of all injury-related deaths [1,2]. Every year, millions of Americans are diagnosed with TBI [3,4], 80% of which are categorized as mild [2]. Undiagnosed cases, due to either lack of clinical expertise or underreporting, might be twice as high [5][6][7][8]. Given that mild TBI (MTBI), or concussion, has become a serious health concern in society, the burden of understanding and preventing it has become ever more indisputable for clinicians and physicists alike.Efforts to model the brain's physics date back to the 1940s when Holbourn proposed the head as a mechanical system and explored the relation between the input to this system (in the form of head motion) to the output (in the form of relative brain displacement) [9,10]. Kornhauser proposed isodisplacement curves in a second-order springmass system representing relative brain displacement as a measure for classifying injury [11]. Others have also showed that, in different loading regimes, injury could be more sensitive to peak acceleration or maximum change in velocity or a combination of both [12,13]. Since then, many scientists have investigated the brain's response in severe scenarios of TBI with skull flexure [14,15], and more recently in mild scenarios with mostly inertial loading on the brain [16][17][18]. In particular, for helmeted sports, much of previous research has focused on brain deformation while assuming a rigid skull. In time, with the advances in imaging techniques, axonal injury, which requires excessive regional stretching of axons [19,20], has become one of the leading hypotheses behind the mechanism of concussions. Confirming this hypothesis, strain in the brain and specifically strain in the periventricular region of the brain-with the highest density of axon fibers-have been shown to correlate best with acute concussion and longterm neurological deficits [21][22][23][24]. However, dynamical behavior of the brain during rapid head motions with various amplitudes, durations, and directions, as well as the reason for higher susceptibility of these deep regions of the brain to strain are still largely unknow...

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Influence of angular acceleration–deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains

Cited by 77 publications

References 32 publications

Voxel-Based Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents

Voxel-Based Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

Mechanistic Insights into Human Brain Impact Dynamics through Modal Analysis

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