Influence of an Initiating Microsplit on the Resistance to Compression-Induced Rupture of the Articular Surface

Flachsmann, R.; Kistler, Michael; Rentzios, A.; Broom, Neil D.

doi:10.1080/03008200600584090

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… Flachsmann et al (2006 ) subjected cartilage-on-bone samples to compression using an indenter (8 mm diameter). They found that introducing cracks about 1 mm in length in the superficial layer of cartilage reduced the compressive strength to less than half of the value measured from samples without cracks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of frequency on crack growth in articular cartilage

Sadeghi¹,

Lawless²,

Espino³

et al. 2018

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Cracks can occur in the articular cartilage surface due to the mechanical loading of the synovial joint, trauma or wear and tear. However, the propagation of such cracks under different frequencies of loading is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of frequency of loading on the growth of a pre-existing crack in cartilage specimens subjected to cyclic tensile strain. A 2.26 mm crack was introduced into cartilage specimens and crack growth was achieved by applying a sinusoidally varying tensile strain at frequencies of 1, 10 and 100 Hz (i.e. corresponding to normal, above normal and up to rapid heel-strike rise times, respectively). These frequencies were applied with a strain of between 10–20% and the crack length was measured at 0, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 cycles of strain. Crack growth increased with increasing number of cycles. The maximum crack growth was 0.6 ± 0.3 (mean ± standard deviation), 0.8 ± 0.2 and 1.1 ± 0.4 mm at frequencies of 1, 10 and 100 Hz, respectively following 10,000 cycles. Mean crack growth were 0.3 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.2 at frequencies of 1 and 10 Hz, respectively. However, this value increased up to 0.6 ± 0.4 mm at a frequency of 100 Hz. This study demonstrates that crack growth was greater at higher frequencies. The findings of this study may have implications in the early onset of osteoarthritis. This is because rapid heel-strike rise times have been implicated in the early onset of osteoarthritis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of frequency on crack growth in articular cartilage

Sadeghi¹,

Lawless²,

Espino³

et al. 2018

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…2 Our finding of increased ratio of storage to loss stiffness with frequency is consistent with a previous study 11 and the increased susceptible to failure of cartilage at higher rates of loading. 36…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydration on the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage

Pearson

Espino

2013

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tissue hydration on the frequency-dependant viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage. Such changes were determined at frequencies associated with normal (1-10 Hz) and impulsive/traumatic (90 Hz) heel-strike times. Cartilage on bone samples, obtained from bovine humeral heads, was tested when hypo-hydrated and hyper-hydrated using dynamic mechanical analysis. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed at a range of frequencies between 1 and 90 Hz. Hypo-hydration increased the stiffness of cartilage as compared to hyper-hydrated cartilage; this increase was greater at higher frequencies. The storage modulus and stiffness increased in hypo-hydrated cartilage as compared to hyper-hydrated cartilage. However, the loss modulus and stiffness increased when cartilage was hypo-hydrated as compared to hyper-hydrated, but these increases were not frequency dependent. An impulsive heel-strike time may result in a greater increase of stiffness in hypo-hydrated cartilage, compared with hyper-hydrated cartilage. However, the ratio of storage to loss stiffness was greater for hyper-hydrated cartilage, thereby, reducing the tissue's ability to dissipate energy and increasing the likelihood of cartilage rupture.

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“…For example, both compressive stress and the level of in-plain strain have been investigated and shown to induce rupture. [12][13][14][15] Rupture rates increased with increasing peak stress and varied with strain-rate. 16 Removing fluid from cartilage mechanically, either through pre-loading or creep compression of cartilageon-bone specimens, reduces the likelihood of surface rupture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articular cartilage surface failure: An investigation of the rupture rate and morphology in relation to tissue health and hydration

Fick

Espino

2012

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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This study investigates the rupture rate and morphology of articular cartilage by altering the bathing environments of healthy and degenerate bovine cartilage. Soaking tissues in either distilled water or 1.5 M NaCl saline was performed in order to render the tissues into a swollen or dehydrated state, respectively. Creep compression was applied using an 8 mm flat-ended polished indenter that contained a central pore of 450 µm in diameter, providing a consistent region for rupture to occur across all 105 tested specimens. Rupture rates were determined by varying the nominal compressive stress and the loading time. Similar rupture rates were observed with the swollen healthy and degenerate specimens, loaded with either 6 or 7 MPa of nominal compressive stress over 11 and 13 min. The observed rupture rates for the dehydrated specimens loaded with 7 MPa over 60 and 90 s were 20% versus 40% and 20% versus 60% for healthy and degenerate tissues, respectively. At 8 MPa of nominal compressive stress over 60 and 90 s the observed rupture rates were 20% versus 60% and 40% versus 80% for healthy and degenerate tissues, respectively; with all dehydrated degenerate tissues exhibiting a greater tendency to rupture (Barnard’s exact test, p < 0.05). Rupture morphologies were only different in the swollen degenerate tissues (p < 0.05). The mechanisms by which dehydration and swelling induce initial surface rupture of mildly degenerate articular cartilage differ. Dehydration increases the likelihood that the surface will rupture, however, swelling alters the observed rupture morphology.

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Influence of an Initiating Microsplit on the Resistance to Compression-Induced Rupture of the Articular Surface

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of frequency on crack growth in articular cartilage

Effect of frequency on crack growth in articular cartilage

Effect of hydration on the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage

Articular cartilage surface failure: An investigation of the rupture rate and morphology in relation to tissue health and hydration

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