Influence of an ??-amylase inhibitor (BAY d 7791) on blood glucose, serum insulin and nefa in starch loading tests in rats, dogs and man

Puls, W.; Keup, U

doi:10.1007/bf01230687

Cited by 170 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Recently comparison of a range of carbohydrate foods [37] and foods processed in different ways [38] have indicated that the glycaemic response may be predicted from the rate at which a food is digested in vitro. In turn the digestibility of foods has been shown to be reduced by the presence of enzyme inhibitors [39], lectins [40] and phytates [41], all of which are contained in beans. In vitro studies of cooked legumes have indeed shown that these are digested less rapidly than other carbohydrate foods [37,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The glycaemic index of foods tested in diabetic patients: A new basis for carbohydrate exchange favouring the use of legumes

et al. 1983

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Summary. Recently diabetic patients have been encouraged to increase their carbohydrate intake, but exact details of which foods to use are lacking. To determine whether sufficiently large differences existed to justify more specific dietary advice, we compared the glycaemic responses to 50 g carbohydrate portions of different foods, taken as breakfast test meals by groups of five to seven diabetic patients. Two-to threefold differences were seen amongst the 15 foods tested. The glycaemic responses for spaghetti, 'All-bran', rice and beans were significantly below those for bread, while 'Cornflakes' were above. Factors predicted to influence this were without effect, including: substituting wholemeal for white bread, increasing substantially the simple sugars (using 'All-bran' or bananas instead of wholemeal bread) and doubling meal protein by adding cottage cheese to bread. Paired comparisons of the glycaemic response to the five legumes with those of the seven other starchy foods (breads, spaghetti, rice, Cornflakes, oatmeal porridge and potatoes) showed that the mean peak rise in blood glucose concentration and mean area under the glucose curve after beans were 23 and 28% lower, respectively, than the mean for the other foods (p < 0.001). Such results suggest a potentially valuable role for dried leguminous seeds in carbohydrate exchanges for individuals with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. These large differences in the blood glucose response to different food cannot at present be predicted directly from tables of chemical composition. Nevertheless, physiological testing may both aid in understanding the factors responsible and help selection of the appropriate carbohydrate foods for the diabetic diet.Key words: Glycaemic index, leguminous seeds, low blood glucose rise, diabetes, diabetic diet, fat, sugars, protein.To lessen the risk to the diabetic of carciovascular disease, current dietary guidelines of the American [1] and Canadian [2] Diabetes Associations and the British Diabetic Association [3] have recommended increasing complex carbohydrate and fibre intakes, while reducing fat consumption. Exactly how this should be achieved is not known and there are fears that increased intake of specific foods, or carbohydrates in general, may worsen diabetic control [4]. However, in the context of high fibre diets this does not appear to be the case [5]. Indeed studies using purified fibre and high-fibre, high-carbohydrate diets have been associated with improved diabetic control [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Nevertheless, the carbohydrate foods of greatest potential use to the diabetic have not as yet been defined and it has now been acknowledged that information on the glycaemic effect of individual foods and meals is urgently needed [3].We have therefore compared the effect of taking 50 g carbohydrate portions of 15 different foods on the blood glucose responses of diabetic patients. We wished to determine whether large differences existed which favoured the use of particular foods. It was also important to s...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The glycaemic index of foods tested in diabetic patients: A new basis for carbohydrate exchange favouring the use of legumes

et al. 1983

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“…Moreover, according to the recent estimates, the human population worldwide appears to be in the midst of an epidemic of diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Retardation of the digestion of starch by key gastrointestinal enzymes can be of benefit to the diabetic patients (Puls and Keup, 1973). Since glucose release from food sources is the main factor affecting post-prandial hyperglycaemia, the use of á-amylase inhibitors is essential to control it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidative and anti-α-amylase activities of four wild plants consumed by pastoral nomads in Egypt

Hossain¹,

El‐Sayed²,

Aoshima³

2009

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine

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SUMMARYIn this study, four plants grown naturally in Egypt that are usually consumed by pastoral nomads were screened for their total phenolic contents, antioxidative, and anti-α-amylase activities. Dried powder of plant's part was extracted in absolute or 70% ethanol. A polar extract of Panicum turgidum (PTPE) had the highest total polyphenol content {92.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g}, followed by an alkaloid extract of Withania somnifera (WSAlk; 77.5 mg GAE/g), and an ethanol extract of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (LPEE; 59.1 mg GAE/g). By employing different assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, Fescavenging and total antioxidant capacity, it was shown that PTPE, WSEE (ethanol extract of W. somnifera), WSAlk and LPEE had promising antioxidant activity, though, their potency varied according to the different tests. WSAlk had the highest level of α-amylase inhibition (40.2%) in vitro, followed by WSEE (30.5%). Therefore, it can be concluded that these plants, especially extracts of PTPE, and WSAlk are beneficial to physiological health, and could be used in food and pharmaceutical industries to prepare dietary supplements, functional foods or food preservatives.

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“…Various flavonoids and non-flavonoids have been reported as showing radical scavenging activity (Sawa et al, 1999): flavone, and flavonoids inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (Havsteen, 1983;Kim et al, 2000); polyphenols have anti-hyperglycemic effects (Hossain et al, 2002;Hanamura et al, 2006), and inhibit the development of diabetes (Zunimo et al, 2007). Since glucose release from food sources is the main factor affecting post-prandial hyperglycaemia, retardation of the digestion of starch by key gastrointestinal enzymes can be of benefit to diabetic patients (Puls and Keup, 1973). Also, various dietary components such as polyphenols in tea (Matsuo et al, 2000), soybean (Takasugi et al, 2002), and apple (Kanda et al, 1998), fla-vonoids (Corvazier and Maclouf, 1985), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yamada et al, 1996) suppress the release of mediators from basophils or mast cells, which in turn prevent the pathogenesis of type 1 allergy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidative, Anti-amylase, Anti-glucosidase, and Antihistamine Release Activities of Bangladeshi Fruits

Hossain

Tsujiyama

Takasugi

et al. 2008

FSTR

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To seek out a cheap source of dietary polyphenols and antioxidants along with anti-amylase and antiglucosidase activities, ethanol extracts of eleven cheap Bangladeshi fruits were investigated. The extracts were also examined for anti-allergic activity using rat peritoneal exudate cells exposed to the calcium ionophore A23187. Phyllanthus emblica (emblic myrobalan) had the highest total polyphenol content (339 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), followed by Syzygium cumini (Indian blackberry; 192.3 mg GAE/g), and Aegle marmelos (wood apple; 53.7 mg GAE/g). P. emblica, and S. cumini also exhibited the most potent DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an IC 50 of 2.1 and 8.6 μg/mL respectively. These extracts also showed promising reducing powers with P. emblica having the greatest such activity (optical density (O.D.) 1.66), followed by S. cumini (O.D. 1.34), at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. The extracts of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) and S. cumini showed promising chelating activities. At a concentration of 1 mg/ mL, Dillenia indica (chalta) showed the highest inhibition of α-amylase activity (60%), and A. marmelos, D. indica, P. emblica, Spondias dulcis (hog-plum) & S. cumini completely inhibited α-glucosidase activity (100%). Apart from A. heterophyllus, D. indica and Phyllanthus acidus (star-gooseberry), all other extracts inhibited the release of histamine from the peritoneal exudate cells, with S. cumini having the strongest effect. These fruits therefore have activities beneficial to physiological health. Keywords: antioxidant, anti-amylase, anti-glucosidase, anti-allergy, antihistamine release, fruits, polyphenol *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: aoshima@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp IntroductionFruits are major sources of health promoting agents. Of these agents, antioxidants are most important because they inhibit the initiation of lipid peroxidation, which is related to aging and the pathogenesis of diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, inflammation, and brain dysfunction (Ames, 1983;Shon et al., 2004). Various epidemiological studies have suggested that consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancers (Kris-Etherton et al., 2002), neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases (Di Matteo and Esposito, 2003), as well as with inflammation and aging (Ames et al., 1993).Natural products are reportedly beneficial to physiological health. Various flavonoids and non-flavonoids have been reported as showing radical scavenging activity (Sawa et al., 1999): flavone, and flavonoids inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (Havsteen, 1983;Kim et al., 2000); polyphenols have anti-hyperglycemic effects (Hossain et al., 2002;Hanamura et al., 2006), and inhibit the development of diabetes (Zunimo et al., 2007). Since glucose release from food sources is the main factor affecting post-prandial hyperglycaemia, retardation of the digestion of starch by key gastrointestinal enzymes can be of benefit to...

show abstract

Influence of an ??-amylase inhibitor (BAY d 7791) on blood glucose, serum insulin and nefa in starch loading tests in rats, dogs and man

Cited by 170 publications

References 6 publications

The glycaemic index of foods tested in diabetic patients: A new basis for carbohydrate exchange favouring the use of legumes

The glycaemic index of foods tested in diabetic patients: A new basis for carbohydrate exchange favouring the use of legumes

Antioxidative and anti-α-amylase activities of four wild plants consumed by pastoral nomads in Egypt

Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidative, Anti-amylase, Anti-glucosidase, and Antihistamine Release Activities of Bangladeshi Fruits

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