Influence of Amitraz and Oxalic Acid on the Cuticle Proteolytic System of Apis mellifera L. Workers

Strachecka, Aneta; Paleolog, Jerzy; Olszewski, Krzysztof; Borsuk, Grzegorz

doi:10.3390/insects3030821

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is, however, neither the only nor the least important of their harmful effects. Our former studies suggest that they may reduce honeybee biochemical defences (Strachecka et al., ,c). Thus, a vicious circle might be created: by protecting bees against V. destructor infestation we reduce their resistance, and therefore make them more vulnerable to other diseases (Rosenkranz et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Therefore, anti‐ Varroa honeybee treatment has become an inconvenient and costly necessity in Europe, Asia, and America (Goulson et al., ). Unfortunately, acaricides that reduce mite infestation are often also harmful to bees (Sokół, ; Johnson et al., ; Strachecka et al., ,b,c). This is, however, neither the only nor the least important of their harmful effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varroa treatment with bromfenvinphos markedly suppresses honeybee biochemical defence levels

Strachecka

Olszewski

Paleolog

2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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We examined the influence of bromfenvinphos, a commonly used acaricide, on activities of many metabolic enzymes affecting the biochemical defences/physiology of the western honeybee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), as well as on some metabolic compound concentrations, percentage of global DNA methylation, and Nosema spp. infection levels. Bromfenvinphos-treated workers had decreased haemolymph volumes and higher protein concentrations on their cuticle but lower protein concentrations in the haemolymph. They had higher global DNA methylation levels independent of the age-related variants. Bromfenvinphos decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT, GST), acidic, neutral, and alkaline protease inhibitors and enzymatic physiological markers (AST, ALT, ALP), and concentrations of urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ in worker haemolymph, depending on the age of the bees. Protease activities were higher only in the haemolymph of young bromfenvinphos-treated bees in comparison with untreated bees. This compound decreased the activities of alkaline proteases and neutral protease inhibitors on the cuticle. Unexpectedly, in the treated bees, the activities of acidic and neutral proteases, and acidic and alkaline protease inhibitors, were higher in the young bees and lower in the older workers in comparison to the untreated group. The bromfenvinphos-treated workers were more heavily infested with Nosema spp. Thus, bromfenvinphos not only supressed many levels of biochemical defences, and therefore stress-resistance-related biochemical pathways but also visibly increased the Nosema spp. infection levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varroa treatment with bromfenvinphos markedly suppresses honeybee biochemical defence levels

Strachecka

Olszewski

Paleolog

2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…In tropical agroecosystems, such as physic nut or rice plantations, pesticides from the amidine family to which amitraz belongs are often sprayed, even though these have negative impacts on natural enemies of pests (Wangboonkhong, 1981). In general, these pesticides are non-selective, function as a contact poison and are highly toxic to many cursorial spider species and other beneficial arthropods (Wangboonkhong, 1981;Strachecka, Paleolog, Olszewski, & Borsuk, 2012). Just one study found only a small effect of amitraz on biological control agents, and these were the parasitoids Colpoclypeus florus (Walker, 1839) and Trichogramma platneri (Nagarkatti, 1975) (Brunner, Dunley, Doerr, & Beers, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal and sublethal effects of Embelia ribes and two commercial pesticides on a generalist predator

Košulič

Vichitbandha

Pung

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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Even as new substances show promise as biopesticides for controlling pests due to their natural properties and high effectiveness in inhibiting pests, their side effects on non‐target organisms must nevertheless be evaluated before they can be included into integrated pest management systems. In this study, a crude extract from dried leaves of Embelia ribes was evaluated together with two commercial pesticides: azadirachtin (a natural product) and amitraz (a synthetic acaricide). We examined both lethal and sublethal effects on the predatory potential of the lynx spider Oxyopes lineatipes, which is among the most dominant predator in tropical agricultural agroecosystems. We found that the spider's mortality increased with rising concentration of both commercial products, azadirachtin and amitraz, but not with rising concentration of the extracts from E. ribes. The greatest mortality occurred when amitraz was used. That material caused almost 100% spider mortality in the doses recommended for field spraying. Azadirachtin significantly reduced the rate at which O. lineatipes captured prey, while there was no significant difference in capture rates among spiders exposed to a control treatment and the E. ribes treatment. Considering its absence of unfavourable impacts on O. lineatipes in terms of mortality and predatory activity, the plant extract from E. ribes shows promise as a new biopesticide material. In contrast, azadirachtin, which has been considered as safe for non‐target organisms, exhibited slight lethal effect only in higher concentrations and strong sublethal effect by reducing spiders’ predation rate.

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“…Z kolei u robotnic cały zestaw tych białek zaczyna być aktywny po poddaniu ich presji wielu niekorzystnych czynników środowiskowych np. : zanieczyszczenia środowiska (38), antybiotyków (34), chemioterapeutyków używanych do zwalczania warrozy (42,44), przetrzymywania pszczół w klatkach podczas badań biomedycznych, a także inwazji patogenów (39). Na jakość bariery proteolitycznej kutikuli pszczół można wpływać korzystnie np.…”

Section: Metaloproteazy I Ich Inhibitory U Owadówunclassified

Mammalian and insect metalloproteases

Bajda¹,

Łoś²,

Schulz³

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Metalloproteases (metalloproteinases, MMP) digest extracellular matrix proteins. They have zinc ions (Zn2+) in their active site. They are synthesized within cells as proenzymes, to be subsequently activated in the extracellular environment. MMP are active in a neutral or slightly alkaline pH in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Cells that synthesize metalloproteases also produce metalloprotease inhibitors. Until now, 4 of MMP inhibitors as well as 28 endometalloproteases have been discovered, out of which 22 occur in humans. On the other hand, these enzymes have not been well explored in insects, in which only 2 metalloproteases were identified (Ance and ECE). Their optimal activity ranges between pH 7.0 and 9.4. MMP inhibitors control the concentration of metalloproteases in physiological conditions. They fall within two types: specific tissue MMP inhibitors and non-specific plasma MMP inhibitors. Metalloproteases and their inhibitors play an important role in both physiological and pathological processes in the organism. Metalloproteases are cell growth promotors. They inhibit/induce apoptosis, stimulate the development of healthy cells and control the activity of neoplastic cells both in people and in insects. Their activity is increased in skin and periodontal diseases, in arthritis, arteriosclerosis or in the period following myocardial infarction. In insects the activity of MMPs is also increased by environmental pollution, by the use of antibiotics and varroacides. The insect MMPs participate in digestion, biosynthesis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, and melanisation. They also affect the development of the reproductive system and the development of larvae and pupae, as well as prevent pathogen invasions. Worthy of special attention is the insect cuticle defensive barrier associated with MMP. Activation of metalloproteases is dependent on the physiological state of the organism, as well as on environmental pressure. Analyzing activities of metalloproteases and their inhibitors enables better monitoring of the pathological conditions in both insects and mammals.

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Influence of Amitraz and Oxalic Acid on the Cuticle Proteolytic System of Apis mellifera L. Workers

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Varroa treatment with bromfenvinphos markedly suppresses honeybee biochemical defence levels

Varroa treatment with bromfenvinphos markedly suppresses honeybee biochemical defence levels

Lethal and sublethal effects of Embelia ribes and two commercial pesticides on a generalist predator

Mammalian and insect metalloproteases

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