Influence of Ambient and Oxygen Temperatures on Fluid Flow Characteristics Considering Swirl-type Supersonic Oxygen Jets

Research on Nozzle Design and Application of Single‐Flow Postcombustion Oxygen Lance in a 120 t Top‐Blown Converter

“…The increase in the central velocity is conducive to a better penetration depth. [ 27 ] It can also be seen from the figure that the independent advance length (undisturbed distance between the main jet and secondary jet) of the secondary jet decreases with the increase of the secondary nozzle number. The coalescence and mixing between the main jet and the secondary jet is more intensive, resulting in a smaller jet diameter (radial width).…”

Effect of Impact Cavity Shape Induced by Supersonic Oxygen Jet on the Dynamic Characteristics of Molten Bath in Converter

“…The one is that the empirical Equation ( 11) was obtained under the condition of a singlenozzle jet vertically impinging on liquid surface, without considering the coalescence effect of the multinozzle jet, and another one is that the simulations were conducted at the converter temperature of 1873 K; however, the empirical formula was obtained at room temperature. Many researchers [38][39][40] have observed that the ambient temperature has a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the jets, which further affects the cavity shape. In addition, within the allowable range of error, the depth of the cavity obtained by empirical Equation ( 11) is in good agreement with the changing trend of the CFD results.…”

Effects of Nozzle Layout and Parameters on the Jet Characteristics of a CO2 + O2 Mixed Oxygen Lance

“…They determined that as the nozzle number and inclination angle decreased and temperature increased, the velocity of the jet was attenuated, and the critical inclination angle of the four-hole nozzle was determined to be 25°. Yang et al [19] studied the jet characteristics of a swirling oxygen lance in a vanadium extraction converter and determined that an increase in ambient temperature and oxygen preheating temperature was conducive to an increase in the jet centerline velocity. Wei et al [20] also reached a similar conclusion.…”