Influence of Allium Sativum (Garlic), Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Extract against Larvae of Aedes mosquitoes (Culicidae: Diptera)

Abstract

Mosquito control has become more difficult due to the unsystematic use of synthetic chemical insecticides which have inauspicious effect on the environment. Botanical phyto-chemicals with mosquitocidal potential are now recognized as potent alternative insecticides to replace synthetic insecticides in mosquito control programs due to their excellent larvacidal activities. The present study assessed the influence of A. sativum (garlic), Z. officinale (ginger) and S. aromatic (clove) extracts against Aedes mosquitoes. Larvacidal activities of three indigenous plant extracts were studied in the range 5.0 to 30.0mg/l in the laboratory bioassay against fourth instar larvae of Aedes sp. The mortality were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) to kill 50 percent of treated larvae of Aedes sp. Data obtained were analyzed by Comparing experimental groups and control groups with significance level established at p<0.05. All plants tasted showed effects after 24hrs of exposure at different concentration (mg/l). However the highest mortality was found in A. Sativum (garlic) and Z. officinale (ginger) against larvae of Aedes mosquitoes with LC50 = 42.50% (2.685) and LC50 = 30.01% (4.461) mg/l, while S. aromatic(clove) was found to have lowest mortality at LC50 = 24.50% (5.52) respectively. It is therefore recommended that A. sativum(Gallic), S. aromatic (Clove) has showed larvacidal effects against Aedes mosquitoes and could be served as alternative form of botanical control against mosquitoes .
 Keywords: A. sativum (garlic), Z. officinale (ginger) and S. aromatic (clove), Extracts, Aedes mosquitoes

LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF THE SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION OF Allium sativum AND Cymbopogon citratus AGAINST Aedes SPECIES LARVAE

“…Allium sativum (garlic) and Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) are plants commonly known and used for their medicinal values in many countries of the world including Nigeria (Odugbemi and Akinsulire, 2006). Previous studies on their phytochemical extracts at different concentrations have shown some insecticidal activities against larvae of mosquito vector species (Ebe et al, 2015;Muhammad et al, 2019;Sitorus et al, 2020;Aminu et al, 2021;Castillo-Morales et al, 2021;). Synergistic combinations of two or more compounds can reduce the adverse effects brought on by high dosages of a single agent, access context-specific multitarget mechanisms, and reduce the chance of resistance development (Lehar et al, 2009;Youssefi et al, 2019).…”